Each particle which can be transported by FLUKA is identified by an integer
number. Negative values of such identifiers are reserved to light and heavy
ions, and to optical photons. The value 0 indicates a pseudoparticle RAY, which
can be used to scan the geometry. Numbers > 200 designate "families" of
particles, grouped according to some common characteristics (all hadrons, or
all charged particles, etc.). In FLUKA, they are called Generalised Particles
and can be used only for scoring. Various forms of scored energy are also
treated as Generalised Particles.
The identifier values are reported in the following Table, together with the
corresponding particle numbering scheme of the Particle Data Group [PDG].
Fluka name Fluka number Common name Standard PDG number
(Particle Data Group)
4-HELIUM (*) -6 Alpha ---
3-HELIUM (*) -5 Helium-3
TRITON (*) -4 Triton ---
DEUTERON (*) -3 Deuteron ---
HEAVYION (*) -2 Generic heavy ion (see command HI-PROPE)
OPTIPHOT -1 Optical Photon ---
RAY (**) 0 Pseudoparticle ---
PROTON 1 Proton 2212
APROTON 2 Antiproton -2212
ELECTRON 3 Electron 11
POSITRON 4 Positron -11
NEUTRIE 5 Electron Neutrino 12
ANEUTRIE 6 Electron Antineutrino -12
PHOTON 7 Photon 22
NEUTRON 8 Neutron 2112
ANEUTRON 9 Antineutron -2112
MUON+ 10 Positive Muon -13
MUON- 11 Negative Muon 13
KAONLONG 12 Kaon-zero long 130
PION+ 13 Positive Pion 211
PION- 14 Negative Pion -211
KAON+ 15 Positive Kaon 321
KAON- 16 Negative Kaon -321
LAMBDA 17 Lambda 3122
ALAMBDA 18 Antilambda -3122
KAONSHRT 19 Kaon zero short 310
SIGMA- 20 Negative Sigma 3112
SIGMA+ 21 Positive Sigma 3222
SIGMAZER 22 Sigma-zero 3212
PIZERO 23 Pion-zero 111
KAONZERO 24 Kaon-zero 311
AKAONZER 25 Antikaon-zero -311
Reserved 26 --- ---
NEUTRIM 27 Muon neutrino 14
ANEUTRIM 28 Muon antineutrino -14
Blank 29 --- ---
Reserved 30 --- ---
ASIGMA- 31 Antisigma-minus -3222
ASIGMAZE 32 Antisigma-zero -3212
ASIGMA+ 33 Antisigma-plus -3112
XSIZERO 34 Xi-zero 3322
AXSIZERO 35 Antixi-zero -3322
XSI- 36 Negative Xi 3312
AXSI+ 37 Positive Xi -3312
OMEGA- 38 Omega-minus 3334
AOMEGA+ 39 Antiomega -3334
Reserved 40 --- ---
TAU+ 41 Positive Tau (***) -15
TAU- 42 Negative Tau (***) 15
NEUTRIT 43 Tau neutrino 16
ANEUTRIT 44 Tau antineutrino -16
D+ 45 D-plus 411
D- 46 D-minus -411
D0 47 D-zero 421
D0BAR 48 AntiD-zero -421
DS+ 49 D_s-plus 431
DS- 50 D_s-minus -431
LAMBDAC+ 51 Lambda_c-plus 4122
XSIC+ 52 Xi_c-plus 4232
XSIC0 53 Xi_c-zero 4112
XSIPC+ 54 Xi'_c-plus 4322
XSIPC0 55 Xi'_c-zero 4312
OMEGAC0 56 Omega_c-zero 4332
ALAMBDC- 57 Antilambda_c-minus -4122
AXSIC- 58 AntiXi_c-minus -4232
AXSIC0 59 AntiXi_c-zero -4132
AXSIPC- 60 AntiXi'_c-minus -4322
AXSIPC0 61 AntiXi'_c-zero -4312
AOMEGAC0 62 AntiOmega_c-zero -4332
Reserved 63 --- ---
Reserved 64 --- ---
(*) Heavy fragments produced in evaporation are loaded in a special stack
(COMMON FHEAVY, contained in the INCLUDE file with the same name).
The internal code for heavy evaporation fragments is the following:
3 = deuteron, 4 = 3-H, 5 = 3-He, 6 = 4-He, 7-12 = fission fragments.
Transport capabilities (dE/dx, with account of effective charge and
effective charge straggling, multiple Coulomb scattering, no interaction
yet) are now available for d, t, 3-He and 4-He. Heavier ions can be
transported on demand (see option EVENTYPE), with or without nuclear
interactions. Fission fragments and fragments from Fermi break-up, when
produced, are also put in COMMON FHEAVY with id's ranging from 7 to 12
(usually 7 and 8 for two fragments).
(**) A "RAY" is not a real particle, but a straight line trajectory through the
FLUKA geometry. When a primary particle (defined by options BEAM and
BEAMPOS, or by a SOURCE subroutine) is found to be a RAY, the program
tracks through the geometry in the given direction calculating a number of
quantities (distance traversed in each material, number of radiation
lengths, number of interaction lengths etc.). See 14} for instructions
about its use.
(***) Only leptonic decays of tau's are implemented for the time being.
Generalised particles (to be used only for scoring):
--- 40 Low-energy neutrons (used only in some input
options)
ALL-PART 201 All transportable particles
ALL-CHAR 202 All charged particles
ALL-NEUT 203 All neutral particles
ALL-NEGA 204 All negative particles
ALL-POSI 205 All positive particles
NUCLEONS 206 Protons and neutrons
NUC&PI+- 207 Protons, neutrons and charged pions
ENERGY 208 For dose scoring: Deposited energy
For energy fluence scoring: Kinetic energy
PIONS+- 209 Charged pions
BEAMPART 210 Primary (source or beam) particles
EM-ENRGY 211 Electromagnetic energy (of electrons, positrons
or photons)
MUONS 212 Muons
E+&E- 213 Electrons and positrons
AP&AN 214 Antiprotons and antineutrons
KAONS 215 All kaons
STRANGE 216 All kaons and all hyperons and anti-hyperons
(i.e., all strange particles)
KAONS+- 217 Charged kaons
HAD-CHAR 218 Charged hadrons
FISSIONS 219 Fissions
HE-FISS 220 High energy fissions
LE-FISS 221 Low energy fissions
NEU-BALA 222 Neutron balance (algebraic sum of outgoing
neutrons minus incoming neutrons for all
interactions)
HAD-NEUT 223 Neutral hadrons
KAONS0 224 Neutral kaons
C-MESONS 225 Charmed mesons
C-(A)BAR 226 Charmed (anti)baryons
CHARMED 227 Charmed hadrons
Blank 228 ---
UNB-ENER 229 Unbiased deposited energy (****)
UNB-EMEN 230 Unbiased electromagnetic energy (of electrons,
positrons or photons) (****)
X-MOMENT 231 X component of momentum transfer
Y-MOMENT 232 Y component of momentum transfer
Z-MOMENT 233 Z component of momentum transfer
ACTIVITY 234 Activity per unit volume
ACTOMASS 235 Activity per unit mass
(****) "Unbiased energy" means that the energy deposited (or the energy fluence)
is scored with weight 1, independent of the actual weight of the particle.
Of course, the result will have no physical meaning, but in some
circumstances it will provide useful information about the run itself (for
instance in order to optimise biasing).
(*****) "Activity per unit volume" and "Activity per unit mass"
are meaningful only when used within a 2D or 3D USRBIN estimator
associated (by means of the DCYSCORE option) with a decay time defined
with the DCYTIMES option. The resulting output units are Bq/cm**3 and
Bq/g respectively, unless a binning by region or a special binning is
requested, in which case the output is Bq or Bq cm**3/g.
Pre-defined materials
Materials can be easily defined by option MATERIAL by assigning a density, a
name, a code number, and, in the case of single elements, an atomic and a mass
number. For compounds, the MATERIAL option card must be accompanied by a
COMPOUND definition referred to the same material name. If low-energy neutrons
(E < 20 MeV) need to be transported, the chosen name of a single element
material must coincide with that of one for which cross sections are available
(see Table in 10}).
However, for user's convenience, 25 common materials are already pre-defined
(see Table below): they are assigned a default density, name and code number
even if no MATERIAL definition has been given. The user can override any of
these if desired (for instance re-assigning code numbers), and can add more
material definitions, by means of one or more MATERIAL cards. The only
constraint is that the number sequence of the defined materials be
UNINTERRUPTED, i.e., there may not be any gap in the numbering sequence from
25 onwards.
List of pre-defined FLUKA materials
Fluka Fluka
name number Common name A Z Density
BLCKHOLE 1 Blackhole or External Vacuum 0 0 0
VACUUM 2 Vacuum or Internal Vacuum 0 0 0
HYDROGEN 3 Hydrogen 1.00794 1. 0.0000837
HELIUM 4 Helium 4.002602 2. 0.000166
BERYLLIU 5 Beryllium 9.012182 4. 1.848
CARBON 6 Carbon 12.0107 6. 2.000
NITROGEN 7 Nitrogen 14.0067 7. 0.00117
OXYGEN 8 Oxygen 15.9994 8. 0.00133
MAGNESIU 9 Magnesium 24.3050 12. 1.740
ALUMINUM 10 Aluminium 26.981538 13. 2.699
IRON 11 Iron 55.845 26. 7.874
COPPER 12 Copper 63.546 29. 8.960
SILVER 13 Silver 107.8682 47. 10.500
SILICON 14 Silicon 28.0855 14. 2.329
GOLD 15 Gold 196.96655 79. 19.320
MERCURY 16 Mercury 200.59 80. 13.546
LEAD 17 Lead 207.2 82. 11.350
TANTALUM 18 Tantalum 180.9479 73. 16.654
SODIUM 19 Sodium 22.989770 11. 0.971
ARGON 20 Argon 39.948 18. 0.00166
CALCIUM 21 Calcium 40.078 20. 1.550
TIN 22 Tin 118.710 50. 7.310
TUNGSTEN 23 Tungsten 183.84 74. 19.300
TITANIUM 24 Titanium 47.867 22. 4.540
NICKEL 25 Nickel 58.6934 28. 8.902
