allows to override the standard FLUKA defaults for physics processes. See also EMFCUT, IONTRANS, POLARIZAti, THRESHOLd This command concerns the following physics processes: * Start_Devel_seq 1)SDUM= CAPTPROBability: flags for mu-, pi-, pbar capture probability algorithms in compounds * End_Devel_seq 2)SDUM= CHARMDECay: flag for charmed hadron and tau transport 3)SDUM= COALESCEnce: flag to activate the coalescence mechanism * Start_Devel_seq 4)SDUM= COAPARAMeters: extra flags for coalecscence * End_Devel_seq 5)SDUM= DECAYS: decays of pions+/-, muons+/-, Kaon+/- (e-nue, mu-numu, K+/-mu3 and K+/-e3 channels) and Klong (K0mu3 and K0e3 channels) * Start_Devel_seq 6)SDUM= DEDX-SETtings: settings for stopping power 7)SDUM= DELT1232: settings for Delta(1232) mass distribution and decay branchings * End_Devel_seq 8)SDUM= DPMTHREShold: lower energy threshold(s) for DPMJET 9)SDUM= EM-DISSOciation: ion electromagnetic-dissociation 10)SDUM= EVAPORAT: evaporation * Start_Devel_seq 11)SDUM= EXPNUCLV: (de)activates the use of explicit (experimental) nuclear levels 12)SDUM= FISSION: fission barrier parameters 13)SDUM= IASLEVEL: IAS level activation and related parameters * End_Devel_seq 14)SDUM= INFLDCAY: in-flight decay of excited states, isomers, and radioactive isotopes 15)SDUM= IONBRPAIr: activates or deactivates heavy ion direct pair production and nuclear form factors in delta ray production 16)SDUM= IONSPLITting: activates the superposition model, i.e. ion splitting into nucleons 17)SDUM= ISOMERS: activates or deactivates the explicit assessment of isomeric state production inside the nuclear models 18)SDUM= LIMITS: sets the maximum (pp) CMS momentum (used for initialization of high energy models, typically DPMJET), and/or the maximum momentum for internal tabulations 19)SDUM= NEUTRINO: selects which neutrino interactions are activated 20)SDUM= PEATHREShold: sets the upper thresholds for the PEANUT model * Start_Devel_seq 21)SDUM= QUASI-ELastic: (de)activates the new, more accurate, quasi- -elastic scattering model * End_Devel_seq 22)SDUM= QMDTHREShold: lower energy thresholds for RQMD, MYRQMD, BME and complete fusion * Start_Devel_seq ForSDUM= CAPTPROBability:WHAT(1): flag for mu-, pi-, pbar capture probability algorithm in compounds = 1 naive Z-law (default until Fluka2013.3 included, backported to Fluka2011.2) = 2 Daniel law = 0: ignored =< -1: reset to default (Daniel law)Default= 2.0 (Daniel law)WHAT(2): number of all (including hydrogen) constituents (H, X, Y, ...) in H_n X_m (Y_k ...) compounds up to which the modified Ponomarev algorithm for capture in hydrogenated materials is applied =< -1: reset to default = 0: ignored = 1: (1=H) -> never applied, default until Fluka2013.3 backported to Fluka2011.2) > 1: see explanation aboveDefault= 2.0WHAT(3): not usedWHAT(4): not usedWHAT(5): not usedWHAT(6): not used * End_Devel_seq ForSDUM= CHARMDECay:WHAT(1): flag for charmed hadron and tau decays =< -1.0 : resets to default = 0.0 : ignored = 1.0 : charmed hadrons and tau leptons are transportedWHAT(2)-WHAT(6): not usedDefault= decay at production, no transport ForSDUM= COALESCEnce:WHAT(1): coalescence flag < 0.0 : false (no coalescence) = 0.0 : ignored > 0.0 : true, coalescence is activatedDefault= no coalescenceWHAT(2)-WHAT(6): reserved to developers' use * Start_Devel_seq ForSDUM= COAPARAMeters:WHAT(1): flag for special deuteron coalescence, all values are allowedWHAT(2): not usedWHAT(3): not usedWHAT(4): not usedWHAT(5): not usedWHAT(6): not used * End_Devel_seq ForSDUM= DECAYS:WHAT(1): flag for particle decay =< -1.0: resets to default = 0.0: ignored = 1.0: maximum accuracy, polarisation accounted for in pi/K --> mu(e)-numu(nue) decays and following mu decays = 2.0: maximum accuracy, polarisation not accounted for = 3.0: phase space like decays 200 >WHAT(1)>= 100 : leptonic decays only are allowed (implemented only for tau's).WHAT(1)- 100 has the same meaning as above 300 >WHAT(1)>= 200 : hadronic decays only are allowed (implemented only for tau's).WHAT(1)- 200 has the same meaning as aboveDefault= 1.0 (maximum accuracy and polarisation for both hadronic and leptonic decays)WHAT(2)-WHAT(3): not usedWHAT(4)= lower bound of the particle numbers (or corresponding names) to which the decay flag chosen byWHAT(1)applies ("From particleWHAT(4)...").Default= 1.0WHAT(5)= upper bound of the particle numbers (or corresponding names) to which the decay flag chosen byWHAT(1)applies ("...to particleWHAT(5)...").Default=WHAT(4)WHAT(6)= step length in assigning numbers ("...in steps ofWHAT(6)")Default= 1.0. * Start_Devel_seq ForSDUM= DEDX-SETtings:WHAT(1)= flag for nuclear stopping power >= 1: nuclear stopping power accounted for = 0: ignored < -1: nuclear stopping power not accounted forDefault= 1.0 (nuclear stopping power accounted for)WHAT(2)= flag for using predefined compound material (e.g. water) parameters when computing dE/dx >= 1: predefined compound material parameters used = 0: ignored =< -1: predefined compound material parameters not usedDefault= 1.0 (use predefined compound material parameters)WHAT(3)= flag for Barkas corrections >= 1: Barkas corrections accounted for = 0: ignored =< -1: Barkas corrections not accounted forDefault= 1.0 (apply Barkas corrections)WHAT(4)= flag for accounting for Bloch corrections >= 1: Bloch corrections accounted for = 0: ignored =< -1: Bloch corrections not accounted forDefault= 1.0 (apply Bloch corrections)WHAT(5)= flag for accounting for Mott corrections >= 1: Mott corrections accounted for = 0: ignored =< -1: Mott corrections not accounted forDefault= 1.0 (apply Mott corrections)WHAT(6): not used ForSDUM= DELT1232WHAT(1)= flag for delta mass selection > 0: 0: standard mass selection with constant width (def.) 1: mass selection a la Teis 2: mass selection a la Ginocchio < 0: resets to default = 0: ignoredWHAT(2)= flag for delta decay distribution > 0 = i0 + 100 x i1 + 1000 x i2 + 10000 x i3 i0: 0: isotropic (default) 1: 1 + 3 cos^2[theta] 2: 1 + 1.35 cos^2[theta] i1: 0: ref. axis is the current delta direction (def.) 1: ref. axis is the current chain direction 2: ref. axis is the current reaction direction i2: 0: nominal isospin decay branchings 1: decay branchings accounting for mass differences (default) i3: same as i0 but for hadriv/nuncln 0: isotropic 1: 1 + 3 cos^2[theta] 2: 1 + 1.35 cos^2[theta] (default) < 0 : i0, i1, i2, i3 all 0 = 0 : ignored WHAT(3-6) = not used * End_Devel_seq ForSDUM= DPMTHREShold:WHAT(1): minimum DPMJET kinetic energy for hadrons (GeV) =< 0.0 : ignoredDefault= 20 TeVWHAT(2): minimum DPMJET kinetic energy for ions (GeV/n) =< 0.0 : ignoredDefault= 5 GeV/nWHAT(3): minimum RQMD kinetic energy for ions (GeV/n) < 0.05 GeV/n : forced to be = 0.05 GeV/nDefault= 0.125 GeV/nWHAT(4): smearing (+/- Delta E, GeV/n) for the RQMD-DPMJET switch energy < 0.0 : resets to 0 * Start_Devel_seqDefault= 0.5 GeV/n * End_Devel_seq * Start_Prod_seqDefault= 2 GeV/n * End_Prod_seqWHAT(5): smearing (+/- Delta E, GeV/n) for the FLUKA-DPMJET switch energy for hA interactions < 0.0 : resets to 0Default= 10 TeVWHAT(6): flag for restricting DPMJET h-A interactions to primary particles only =< -1.0 : resets to default (false) =< 0.0 : ignored > 0.0 : sets to trueDefault= -1.0 (no restriction to primary particles only)Default(no PHYSICS option withSDUM= DPMTHREShold): DPMJET is called for h-A interactions above 20 TeV and for A-A interactions down to 5 GeV/n. RQMD is called between 5 and 0.125 GeV/n.WARNING:to activate ion interactions refer to the IONTRANS cardWARNING:The FLUKA executable must be built with the DPMJET and RQMD libraries to perform A-A interactions above 125 MeV/n (see the ldpmqmd script in $FLUPRO/flutil). DPMJET must also be linked for h-A interactions above 20 TeV. ForSDUM= EM-DISSOciation:WHAT(1): flag for activating ion electromagnetic-dissociation =< -1.0 : resets to default (no em-dissociation) = 0.0 : ignored = 1.0 : no em-dissociation = 2.0 : projectile and target em-dissociation activated = 3.0 : projectile only em-dissociation activated = 4.0 : target only em-dissociation activatedDefault= 1.0 (no em-dissociation)WHAT(2): flag for muon+/- em-dissociation =< -1.0 : resets to default (muon+/- em-dissociation on) = 0.0 : ignored = 1.0 : muon+/- induced target em-dissociation on = 2.0 : muon+/- induced target em-dissociation offDefault= 1.0 (muon+/- em-dissociation on)WHAT(3): flag for deuteron em-dissociation =< -1.0 : resets to default (deuteron projectile em-dissociation on) = 0.0 : ignored = 1.0 : deuteron projectile em-dissociation on target em-dissociation on/off according toWHAT(1)= 2.0 : deuteron projectile em-dissociation offDefault= 1.0 (deuteron projectile em-dissociation on) * Start_Devel_seqWHAT(4): flag for pretabulating the em-dissociation cross sections =< -1.0 : resets to default (em-dissociation cross section pretabulated) = 0.0 : ignored = 1.0 : em-dissociation cross section pretabulated = 2.0 : no em-dissociation cross section pretabulationDefault= 1.0 (em-dissociation cross section pretabulated)WHAT(5)-WHAT(6): not used * End_Devel_seq * Start_Prod_seqWHAT(4)-WHAT(6): not used * End_Prod_seq ForSDUM= EVAPORATion:WHAT(1): flag for FLUKA evaporation model = i0 + 100 Z_max + 10000 A_max i0 =< -1.0 : resets to default (new model, no heavy fragment evaporation) = 0.0 : ignored = 1.0 : old evaporation model (OBSOLETE: kept for developers' use only) = 2.0 : new evaporation model, no heavy fragment evaporation = 3.0 : new evaporation model, with heavy fragment evaporation (CPU expensive, see Note below) = 4.0 : same as 2, overrides possible checks Z_max and A_max are the maximum fragment Z and A up to which the heavy fragmentation must be applied (obviously they make sense for i0=3 only). If they are not specified, the maximum allowed by the code is used. It is also possible to specify A_max or Z_max onlyDefault= 2.0 (new evaporation model, no heavy fragment evaporation) for all DEFAULTs, PRECISIOn excluded. For PRECISIOn the default is 90403, that is heavy fragment evaporation with Z_max=4, A_max=9. * Start_Devel_seqWHAT(2)-WHAT(6): reserved for developers * End_Devel_seq * Start_Prod_seqWHAT(2)-WHAT(6): not used * End_Prod_seq * Start_Devel_seq ForSDUM= EXPNUCLVWHAT(1)= flag for using explicit (experimental) nuclear levels in the gamma deexcitation model -1 reset to default 0 ignored 1 no explicit nuclear levels used in gamma deexcitation 2 (default) explicit nuclear levels used in gamma deexci- tationWHAT(2)= flag for using explicit (experimental) nuclear levels in evaporation -1 reset to default 0 ignored 1 no explicit nuclear levels used in evaporation 2 (default) explicit nuclear levels used in evaporationWHAT(3)= not usedWHAT(4)= not usedWHAT(5)= not usedWHAT(6)= not used ForSDUM= FISSIONWHAT(1)= flag for high energy fission barriers -1 reset to default 0 ignored 1 "old" Atchinson barriers 2 new Myers Swiatecki barriers 3 new Myers Swiatecki barriers with possibly double humped barrier calculated (default) 4 new Myers Swiatecki barriers with barrier penetration accounted for 5 new Myers Swiatecki barriers with barrier penetration accounted for with possibly double humped barrier calculationsWHAT(2)= flag for fission level densities (meaningful only for the "new" fission) -1 reset to default 0 ignored i -> i is the selected option (17 is the default) =< -1000 set to 0WHAT(3)= flag for fission saddle point pairing (meaningful only for the "new" fission) -1 reset to default 0 ignored i -> i is the selected option (0 is the default) =< -1000 set to 0WHAT(4)= flag for fission fragment generation -1 reset to default 0 ignored i -> i is the selected option (1100 is the default) =< -1000 set to 0 (old default)WHAT(5)= gamma factor for fission level density washing out (meaningful only for the "new" fission) -1000 reset to default 0 ignored x the (a_f-a_n) difference is washed out with a 1/x GeV^-1 constant if x > 0, with a 1/(|x|+B), where B is the fission barrier, if x < 0 (default 1/(26+B) MeV^-1)WHAT(6)= not used ForSDUM= IASLEVELWHAT(1)= flag for accounting for IAS levels >=1 IAS levels tentatively (roughly) accounted for >= 2 only DWBA computed levels accounted for = 0 ignored =<-1 IAS levels not accounted forWHAT(2)= flag for IAS interaction products reinteractions >=1 IAS interaction products should escape freely = 0 ignored =<-1 IAS interactions products reinteract like all othersWHAT(3)= flag for IAS interaction products reinteractions >=1 IAS interaction products should be subject to formation zone competition (if activated) = 0 ignored =<-1 IAS interactions products are not subject to formation zone competitionWHAT(4)= flag for IAS enhancement in Fermi break-up >=1 IAS transitions are enhanced in Fermi break-up = 0 ignored =<-1 IAS transitions are not enhanced in Fermi break-upWHAT(5)= flag for IAS enhancement in pn/np cross sections >=1 IAS transitions produce an enhanced in pn/np xsecs = 0 ignored =<-1 IAS transitions do not change pn/np xsecsWHAT(6)= multiplication factor for IAS pseudowidths > 0 multiplication factor for IAS pseudowidths = 0 ignored =<-1 resets to default (=1) * End_Devel_seq ForSDUM= INFLDCAYWHAT(1)= flag for (de)activating the decay in flight of ion excited states < 0 = deactivated 0 ignored > 0 = activated default depends on the chosen DEFAULTWHAT(2)= absolute minimum mean life (s) for excited states for being transported and decayed in flight < 0 = reset to default (10^-16) 0 ignored > 0 = new valueWHAT(3)= flag for (de)activating the decay in flight of ion isomeric states < 0 = deactivated 0 ignored > 0 = activated default is deactivatedWHAT(4)= absolute minimum mean life (s) for isomeric states for being transported and decayed in flight < 0 = reset to default (tau=10^6/log(2)) 0 ignored > 0 = new valueWHAT(5)= flag for (de)activating the decay in flight of radio- active isotopes < 0 = deactivated 0 ignored > 0 = activated default is deactivatedWHAT(6)= absolute minimum mean life (s) for radioactive isotopes for being transported and decayed in flight < 0 = reset to default (tau=10^6/log(2)) 0 ignored > 0 = new value ForSDUM= IONBRPAIr:WHAT(1)= flag for (de)activating heavy ion direct pair production < 0: heavy ion direct pair production is deactivated = 0: ignored > 0: activated (it still requires heavy pair production activated via PAIRBREM for the required materials)Default= 1.0 (heavy ion direct pair production is activated in the materials defined by PAIRBREM)WHAT(2)= flag for (de)activating heavy ion bremsstrahlung (not yet implemented) * Start_Devel_seq < 0: heavy ion bremsstrahlung is deactivated = 0: ignored > 0: heavy ion bremsstrahlung is activated (it still requires heavy bremsstrahlung activated via PAIRBREM for the required materials)Default= 1.0 (heavy ion bremsstrahlung is activated in the materials defined by PAIRBREM) default is activated (moot for the time being since no heavy ion bremsstrahlung is coded) * End_Devel_seqWHAT(3)= flag for (de)activating nuclear form factor effects in heavy ion delta ray production < 0: nuclear form factor effects are deactivated = 0: ignored > 0: nuclear form factor effects are activated (it still needs delta ray production activated via DELTARAY for the required materials)Default= 1.0 (nuclear form factor effects in heavy ion delta ray production are activated in the materials defined by DELTARAY)WHAT(4)-WHAT(6): not used ForSDUM= IONSPLITting:WHAT(1): flag for activating ion splitting into nucleons < 0.0 : false, no ion splitting = 0.0 : ignored > 0.0 : true: ion splitting is activatedDefault= -1.0 (no ion splitting)WHAT(2): minimum energy for ions (GeV/n) above which splitting into nucleons will be performed =< 0.0 : ignoredDefault= 0.1 GeV/nWHAT(3): maximum energy for ions (GeV/n) below which splitting into nucleons will be performed (default: 5 GeV/n) =< 0.0 : ignoredWHAT(4): minimum A for which ion splitting must be performed =< 0.0 : ignoredDefault= 2.0WHAT(5): maximum A for which ion splitting must be performed =< 0.0 : ignoredDefault= 500.0WHAT(6): flag for the ion splitting minimum threshold = 0.0 : sharp threshold for kinetic energy per nucleon larger thanWHAT(2). Deprecated. = 1.0 : probability according to 1 - exp(- Ek/n / Emnspi) where Emnspi=WHAT(2)and Ek/n is the kinetic energy per nucleon of the current ion = 2.0 : splitting performed at the first nonelastic interaction if no interaction model is available. It requires full transport selected for all ions concerned.WHAT(2)andWHAT(3)are still honored in the same way as for for "0.0", however the minimum energy should be set compatible with ion cross section threshold rather than not = 3.0 : deuteron splitting performed at interaction point computed according to a parameterized formula, like 1.0 for heavier ions =< 0.0 : resets to defaultDefault= 2.0 ForSDUM= ISOMERS:WHAT(1)= flag for activating explicit calculation of isomers < 0: isomer explicit calculation is deactivated = 0: ignored > 0: activatedDefault= 1.0 (isomer explicit calculation is activated)WHAT(2)-WHAT(6): not used ForSDUM= LIMITS:WHAT(1)= set the maximum (pp) CMS momentum (used for initialization of high energy models, typically DPMJET), and, if larger than the one of the BEAM card, the maximum momentum for all internal tabulations < 0: reset to default = 0: ignored > 0: maximum (pp) CMS momentum (GeV/c)Default: determined by the BEAM cardWHAT(2)-WHAT(6): not used ForSDUM= NEUTRINO:WHAT(1): flag for activating quasielastic (QE) neutrino interactions = 1.0 : QE neutral current (NC) activated = 2.0 : QE charged current (CC) activated = 3.0 : QE NC and CC activated < 0.0 : no QE interactions = 0.0 : ignoredDefault: 3.0 (QE NC and CC activated)WHAT(2): flag for activating resonant (RES) neutrino interactions = 1.0 : RES neutral current (NC) activated = 2.0 : RES charged current (CC) activated = 3.0 : RES NC and CC activated < 0.0 : no RES interactions = 0.0 : ignoredDefault: 3.0 (RES NC and CC activated)WHAT(3): flag for activating deep inelastic (DIS) neutrino interactions = 1.0 : DIS neutral current (NC) activated = 2.0 : DIS charged current (CC) activated = 3.0 : DIS NC and CC activated < 0.0 : no DIS interactions = 0.0 : ignoredDefault: 3.0 (DIS NC and CC activated)WHAT(4): flag for activating charm production (CHA) in DIS neutrino interactions = 1.0 : CHA neutral current (NC) activated (not yet implemented) = 2.0 : CHA charged current (CC) activated = 3.0 : CHA NC and CC activated < 0.0 : no CHA interactions = 0.0 : ignoredDefault: 3.0 (CHA CC activated, but NC not yet implemented)WHAT(5): not usedWHAT(6): flag for performing (forced) interactions when there is a(n) (anti)neutrino beam particle = 1.0 : forced interactions for (anti)neutrino beam particles performed = 0.0 : ignored =< -1.0 : forced interactions for (anti)neutrino beam particles not performed (-> no neutrino interactions, propagation only)Default: 1.0 (forced interactions performed for (anti)neutrino beams) ForSDUM= PEATHREShold:WHAT(1): maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for nucleons (GeV) =< 0.0 : ignoredWHAT(2): maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for pions (GeV) =< 0.0 : ignoredWHAT(3): maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for kaons (GeV) =< 0.0 : ignoredWHAT(4): maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for kaonbars (GeV) =< 0.0 : ignoredWHAT(5): maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for antinucleons (GeV) =< 0.0 : ignoredWHAT(6): maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for (anti)hyperons (GeV) =< 0.0 : ignoredDefault(no PEATHREShold option): PEANUT is called up to 100 TeV kinetic energy, or the DPMJET threshold energy if linked, for all hadrons * Start_Devel_seq ForSDUM= QUASI-ELasticWHAT(1)= flag for quasi-elastic treatment: i0 + 100 x i1 i0 > 0 activate the Peanut based quasi-elastic treatment (default) = 0 ignored < 0 reset to the old (Nucrel, no Peanut) quasi-elastic treatment i1 = flag for the functional form for the transition from the low energy to the high energy quasi-elastic treat- ment, meaningful for i0 > 0 only (default=0)WHAT(2)= not usedWHAT(3)= not usedWHAT(4)= not usedWHAT(5)= not usedWHAT(6)= not used * End_Devel_seq ForSDUM= QMDTHREShold: * Start_Devel_seqWHAT(1)= minimum my-QMD kinetic energy for ions (GeV/n) =< 0: ignored * End_Devel_seq * Start_Prod_seqWHAT(1): not used * End_Prod_seqWHAT(2)= minimum BME kinetic energy for ions (GeV/n) =< 0: ignored * Start_Devel_seqWHAT(3)= smearing (+/- DeltaE, GeV/n) for the my-QMD-RQMD switch energy < 0: resets to defaultDefault= 0.0WHAT(4)= smearing (+/- DeltaE, GeV/n) for the BME-my-QMD switch energy < 0: resets to defaultDefault= 0.0 * End_Devel_seq * Start_Prod_seqWHAT(3): not usedWHAT(4): not used * End_Prod_seqWHAT(5)= maximum kinetic energy for ion complete fusion (GeV/n)WHAT(6)= smearing (+/- DeltaE, GeV/n) for the BME-RQMD switch energy * Start_Devel_seq < 0: resets to defaultDefault= 0.0 * End_Devel_seq * Start_Prod_seq < 0: set to 0.0Default= 0.025 GeV/n * End_Prod_seq * Start_Devel_seq ForSDUM= RQMDFLAG:WHAT(1)= fast cascade/QMD flag = 1: fast cascade = 0: ignored = -1: QMD modeWHAT(2)= preequilibrium step flag = 1: preequilibrium step activated = 0: ignored = -1: no preequilibrium stepWHAT(3)-WHAT(6)= not used * End_Devel_seqDefault(option PHYSICS not given): standard FLUKA treatment of physics processesNote:In order to achieve accurate results for residual nuclei production or fragment production with ion beams the evaporation of heavy fragments MUST be activated. This, however, is not the default since it can bring a significant CPU burden, and is not needed for most applications. The CPU burden is maximal for problems with heavy targets, high energy beams, and no electro-magnetic particle transport. It is often negligible for problems with electro-magnetic transport activated down to low thresholds. Examples:* Only hadronic decays are allowed for tau+ and tau- (id-number 41 and 42)*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7....+...PHYSICS 201.0 0.0 0.0 41.0 42.0 0. DECAYS* Maximum accuracy requested for decay of pi+ and pi-(id-number 13 and 14),* but without accounting for polarisation* Phase spacePHYSICS 2.0 0.0 0.0 13.0 14.0 0. DECAYS* New evaporation model requestedPHYSICS 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. EVAPORAT