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FLUKA 2023.3.4, April 10th 2024
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flair-2.3-0d 13-Sep-2023

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-- Fluka Release
( 10.04.2024 )

FLUKA 2023.3.4 has been released.


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18 References

 Aar84 P.A. Aarnio, J. Ranft and G.R. Stevenson
        A long writeup of the FLUKA82 program
        CERN Divisional Report TIS-RP/106-Rev. (1984)



 Aar84a P.A. Aarnio, J. Ranft and G.R. Stevenson
        First update of FLUKA82, including particle production with a
        multi-chain fragmentation model (EVENTQ)
        CERN TIS-RP/129 (1984)



 Aar86 P.A. Aarnio, A. Fass\`o, H.-J. Moehring, J. Ranft, G.R. Stevenson
        FLUKA86 user's guide
        CERN Divisional Report TIS-RP/168 (1986)



 Aar87 P.A. Aarnio, J. Lindgren, J. Ranft, A. Fass\`o, G.R. Stevenson
        Enhancements to the FLUKA86 program (FLUKA87)
        CERN Divisional Report TIS-RP/190 (1987)

 Aar93  P.A. Aarnio, A. Fass\`o, A. Ferrari, H.-J. Moehring,
        J. Ranft, P.R. Sala, G.R. Stevenson, J.M. Zazula
        FLUKA: hadronic benchmarks and applications
        Proc. MC93 Int. Conf. on Monte Carlo Simulation in High Energy and
        Nuclear Physics, Tallahassee (Florida), 22-26 February 1993.
        Ed. by P. Dragovitsch, S.L. Linn, M. Burbank, World
        Scientific, Singapore 1994, p. 88-99



 Aar93a P.A. Aarnio, A. Fass\`o, A. Ferrari, H.-J. Moehring,
        J. Ranft, P.R. Sala, G.R. Stevenson, J.M. Zazula
        Electron-photon transport: always so good as we think? Experience
        with FLUKA
        Proc. MC93 Int. Conf. on Monte Carlo Simulation in High Energy and
        Nuclear Physics, Tallahassee (Florida), 22-26 February 1993.
        Ed. by P. Dragovitsch, S.L. Linn, M. Burbank, World
        Scientific, Singapore 1994, p. 100-110



 Agr96  V. Agrawal, T.K. Gaisser, P. Lipari and T. Stanev
        Atmospheric neutrino flux above 1 GeV
        Phys. Rev. D53, 1314-1323 (1996)



 Aig05  H. Aiginger, V. Andersen, F. Ballarini, G. Battistoni, M. Campanella,
        M. Carboni, F. Cerutti, A. Empl, W. Enghardt, A. Fass\`o, A. Ferrari,
        E. Gadioli, M.V. Garzelli, K.S. Lee, A. Ottolenghi, K. Parodi,
        M. Pelliccioni, L. Pinsky, J. Ranft, S. Roesler, P.R. Sala,
        D. Scannicchio, G. Smirnov, F. Sommerer, T. Wilson and N. Zapp
        The FLUKA code: new developments and application to 1 GeV/n Iron beams
        Adv. Space Res. 35, 214-222 (2005)



 Alc00  J. Alcaraz et al. (AMS Coll.)
        Cosmic protons
        Phys. Lett. B490 (2000) 27-35



 Alc00a J. Alcaraz et al. (AMS Coll.)
        Helium in near Earth orbit
        Phys. Lett. B494 (2000) 193-202

 Als86  R.G. Alsmiller Jr., J.M. Barnes, J.D. Drischler
        Neutron-photon multigroup cross sections for neutron energies
        =< 400 MeV (Revision 1)
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A249, 455-460 (1986)



 Als89  F.S. Alsmiller and R.G. Alsmiller, Jr.
        Inclusion of correlations in the empirical selection of intranuclear
        cascade nucleons from high energy hadron-nucleus collisions
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. A278, 713-721 (1989)



 Als90  R.G. Alsmiller, Jr., F.S. Alsmiller and O.W. Hermann
        The high-energy transport code HETC88 and comparisons with
        experimental data
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. A295, 337-343 (1990)



 And04  V. Andersen, F. Ballarini, G. Battistoni, M. Campanella, M. Carboni,
        F. Cerutti, A. Empl, A. Fass\`o, A. Ferrari, E. Gadioli, M.V. Garzelli,
        K. Lee, A. Ottolenghi, M. Pelliccioni, L.S. Pinsky, J. Ranft, S. Roesler,
        P.R. Sala and T.L. Wilson
        The FLUKA code for space applications: recent developments
        Adv. Space Res. 34, 1338--1346 (2004)

 Ant96  M. Antonelli, G. Battistoni, A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala
        Study of radiative muon interactions at 300 GeV
        Proc.  VI Int. Conf.  on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics
        (Calor 96), Frascati (Italy), 8-14 June 1996. Ed. A. Antonelli,
        S. Bianco, A. Calcaterra, F.L. Fabbri
        Frascati Physics Series Vol. VI, p. 561-570 (1997)



 Atc80  F. Atchison
        Spallation and fission in heavy metal nuclei under medium energy
        proton bombardment
        Meeting on Targets for neutron beam spallation sources,
        Ed. G. Bauer, KFA J\"ulich Germany,
        J\"ul-conf-34 (1980)



 Bad96 G.D. Badhwar and P.M. O'Neill
       Galactic cosmic radiation model and its applications
       Adv. Space. Res. 17 no.2, 7-17 (1996)



 Bal04  F.~Ballarini, G.~Battistoni, F. Cerutti, A. Empl, A. Fassò,
        A. Ferrari, E. Gadioli, M.V. Garzelli, A. Ottolenghi, L.S. Pinsky, J. Ranft,
        S. Roesler, P.R. Sala and G. Smirnov
        Nuclear Models in FLUKA: Present Capabilities, Open Problems, and
        Future Improvements
        AIP Conference Proceedings 769, 1197-1202 (2005)



 Bar56  W.H. Barkas, W. Birnbaum, F.M. Smith
        Mass-ratio method applied to the measurement of L-meson masses and the
        energy balance in pion decay
        Phys. Rev. 101, 778-795 (1956)



 Bar63  W.H. Barkas, J.N. Dyer, H.H. Heckman
        Resolution of the Sigma^- -mass anomaly
        Phys. Rev. Lett. 11, 26-28 (1963) (Erratum 11, 138 (1963))



 Bar72  V.S. Barashenkov, V.D. Toneev
        Interactions of High Energy Particles and Nuclei with Nuclei
        (in Russian)
        Moscow, Atomizdat (1972)



 Bat00  G. Battistoni, A. Ferrari, P. Lipari, T. Montaruli, P.R. Sala and
        T. Rancati
        A 3-dimensional calculation of the atmospheric neutrino fluxes
        Astropart. Phys. 12, 315-333 (2000)

 Bat03  A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, S. Roesler, J. Ranft, P.R. Sala, G. Battistoni,
        M. Campanella, F. Cerutti, L. De Biaggi, E. Gadioli, M.V. Garzelli,
        F. Ballarini, A. Ottolenghi, D. Scannicchio, M. Carboni, M. Pelliccioni,
        R. Villari, V. Andersen, A. Empl, K. Lee, L. Pinsky, T.N. Wilson and
        N. Zapp,
        The FLUKA code: Present applications and future developments
        Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics 2003 Conference (CHEP2003),
        La Jolla, CA, USA, March 24-28, 2003, (paper MOMT004),
        Conf C0303241 (2003), arXiv:physics/0306162.



 Bat03a G. Battistoni, A. Ferrari, T. Montaruli and P. R. Sala
        The FLUKA atmospheric neutrino flux calculation
        Astropart. Phys. 19, 269-290 (2003)



 Bau78  T.H. Bauer, R.D. Spital, D.R. Yennie, F.M. Pipkin
        The hadronic properties of the photon in high-energy interactions
        Rev. Mod. Phys. 50, 261-436 (1978)



 Bet30  H.A. Bethe
        Zur Theorie des Durchgangs schneller Korpuskularstrahlen durch
        Materie
        Ann. Physik 5, 325-400 (1930)
        Selected Works of Hans A. Bethe, World Scientific
        Singapore 1996, p. 77-154



 Bet32  H.A. Bethe
        Bremsformel f\"ur Elektronen relativistischer Geschwindigkeit
        Z. Phys. 76, 293-299 (1932)



 Bet34  H.A. Bethe and W. Heitler
        On the stopping of fast particles and on the creation of
        positive electrons
        Proc. Roy. Soc. A146, 83-112 (1934)
        Selected Works of Hans A. Bethe, World Scientific
        Singapore-New Jersey-London-Hong Kong 1996, p. 187-218



 Bet53  H.A. Bethe
        Moliere's theory of multiple scattering
        Phys. Rev. 89, 1256-1266 (1953)



 Bla71  M. Blann
        Hybrid Model for Pre-Equilibrium Decay in Nuclear Reactions
        Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 337-340 (1971)



 Bla72 M. Blann
        Importance of the Nuclear Density Distribution on
        Pre-equilibrium Decay
        Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 757-759 (1972)



 Bla75  M. Blann
        Preequilibrium decay
        Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 25, 123-165 (1975)



 Bla83a M. Blann and H.K. Vonach
        Global test of modified precompound decay models
        Phys. Rev. C28, 1475-1492 (1983)



 Bla83b M. Blann
        Precompound analyses of spectra and yields following nuclear
        capture of stopped pi-
        Phys. Rev. C28, 1648-1662 (1983)



 Blo33  F. Bloch
        Zur Bremsung rasch bewegter Teilchen beim Durchgang durch
        die Materie
        Ann. Physik 16, 287 (1933)



 Blo33a F. Bloch
        Bremsverm\ögen von Atomen mit mehreren Elektronen
        Z. Phys. 81, 363-376 (1933)



 Bir64  J.B. Birks
        The theory and practice of scintillation counting
        Pergamon Press, Oxford 1964



 Cab04  R.A. Caballero-Lopez and H. Moraal
        Limitations of the force field equation to describe cosmic ray
        modulation
        J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. 109, A01101 (2004)



 Cap80  A. Capella, U. Sukhatme, J. Tran Thanh Van
        Soft multihadron production from partonic structure and
        fragmentation functions
        Z. Phys. C3, 329-337 (1980)



 Cap80a A. Capella, J. Tran Thanh Van
        A new parton model description of soft hadron-nucleus collisions
        Phys. Lett. 93B, 146-150 (1980)



 Cap94  A. Capella, U. Sukhatme, C.-I. Tan and J. Tran Thanh Van
        Dual parton model
        Phys. Rep. 236, 225-330 (1994)



 Car75  L.L. Carter and E.D. Cashwell
        Particle-transport simulation with the Monte Carlo method
        ERDA Crit. Rev. Ser., National Technical Information Service,
        Springfield 1975



 Cav96  M. Cavinato, E. Fabrici, E. Gadioli, E. Gadioli Erba, E. Galbiati
        Monte Carlo calculations using the Boltzmann Master Equation theory
        of nuclear reactions
        Phys. Lett. B382, 1-5 (1996)



 Cav97  D. Cavalli, A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala
        Simulation of nuclear effects in neutrino interactions
        ICARUS-TM-97/18 (1997)



 Cav01  M. Cavinato, E. Fabrici, E. Gadioli, E. Gadioli Erba, G. Riva
        Monte Carlo calculations of heavy ion cross-sections based on the
        Boltzmann Master equation theory
        Nucl. Phys. A679, 753-764 (2001)



 Cer06  F. Cerutti, G. Battistoni, G. Capezzali, P. Colleoni, A. Ferrari,
        E. Gadioli, A. Mairani, A. Pepe,
        Low energy nucleus-nucleus reactions: the BME approach and its interface
        with FLUKA
        Proc. 11th International Conference on Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms,
        Varenna (Italy) June 12-16, 2006



 Cha91  M.B. Chadwick, P. Oblozinsky, P.E. Hodgson and G. Reffo
        Pauli-blocking in the quasideuteron model of photoabsorption
        Phys. Rev. C44, 814-823 (1991)



 CLIMAX http://ulysses.sr.unh.edu/NeutronMonitor/Misc/neutron2.html



 Clo88  P. Cloth, D. Filges, R.D. Neef, G. Sterzenbach, Ch. Reul,
        T.W. Armstrong, B.L. Colborn, B. Anders and H. Brueckmann
        HERMES, a Monte Carlo program system for beam-materials
        interaction studies
        Report KFA/J\"ul-2203 (1988)



 Col00  G. Collazuol, A. Ferrari, A. Guglielmi, P.R. Sala,
        Hadronic models and experimental data for the neutrino
        beam production
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A449, 609-623 (2000)



 Cuc91  E. Cuccoli, A. Ferrari, G.C. Panini
        A group library from JEF 1.1 for flux calculations in the LHC
        machine detectors
        JEF-DOC-340 (91) (1991)



 Dre61  L. Dresner
        EVAP - A Fortran program for calculating the evaporation of
        various particles from excited compound nuclei
        Oak Ridge National Laboratory report ORNL-TM-196 (1961)



 Emm75  M.B. Emmett
        The MORSE Monte Carlo radiation transport system
        Oak Ridge National Laboratory report ORNL-4972 (1975)
        Revision: ORNL-4972/R1 (1983)
        Revision: ORNL-4972/R2 (1984)



 Emp02  A. Empl, A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, J. Ranft and P.R. Sala,
        Progress and Applications of FLUKA
        Invited talk at the 12th RPSD Topical Meeting, April 14-18, 2002,
        Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA,
        electronic proceedings, American Nuclear Society ANS Order No. 700293,
        ISBN 8-89448-667-5



 Eng67  W.W. Engle, Jr.
        A User's Manual for ANISN, A One-Dimensional Discrete Ordinate
        Transport Code with Anisotropic Scattering
        Oak Ridge Report K-1693 (1967)



 EPDL97 D.E. Cullen, J.H. Hubbell and L. Kissel
        EPDL97: the Evaluated Photon Data Library, '97 Version
        UCRL--50400, Vol. 6, Rev. 5 (1997)



 Fas78  A. Fassò, G.R. Stevenson
        Air activity in the NAHIF complex
        CERN Internal Report HS-RP/IR/78-45 (1978)



 Fas87  A. Fassò
        The CERN version of MORSE and its application to
        strong-attenuation shielding problems
        Proc. Topical Conference on Theory and Practices in Radiation
        Protection and Shielding, Knoxville (Tennessee) 22-24 April 1987,
        p. 462-471

 Fas93  A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, J. Ranft, P.R. Sala, G.R. Stevenson,
        J.M. Zazula
        FLUKA92
        Proc. Workshop on Simulating Accelerator Radiation
        Environments, Santa Fe (New Mexico) 11-15 January 1993,
        Los Alamos report LA-12835-C (1994), p. 134-144

 Fas93a A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, J. Ranft, P.R. Sala
        FLUKA: present status and future developments
        Proc. IV Int. Conf. on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics,
        La Biodola (Italy) 21-26 September 1993, Ed. A. Menzione and
        A. Scribano, World Scientific, p. 493-502

 Fas93b A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, J. Ranft, P.R. Sala, G.R. Stevenson,
        J.M. Zazula
        A comparison of FLUKA simulations with measurements of fluence and
        dose in calorimeter structures
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A332, 459-468 (1993)



 Fas94  A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala
        Designing electron accelerator shielding with FLUKA
        Proc. of the 8th Int. Conf. on Radiation Shielding, Arlington (Texas)
        24-28 April (1994), p. 643-649



 Fas95  A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, J. Ranft and P.R. Sala
        FLUKA: performances and applications in the intermediate energy range
        Proc. of an AEN/NEA Specialists' Meeting on Shielding Aspects
        of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities, Arlington (Texas)
        28-29 April 1994. OECD Documents, Paris 1995, p. 287-304



 Fas97  A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, J. Ranft, P.R. Sala
        An update about FLUKA
        Proc. 2nd Workshop on Simulating Accelerator Radiation
        Environments, CERN, Geneva (Switzerland), 9-11 October 1995,
        Ed. G.R. Stevenson, CERN Report TIS-RP/97-05, p. 158-170



 Fas97a A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, J. Ranft, P.R. Sala
        New developments in FLUKA modelling hadronic and EM interactions
        Proc. 3rd Workshop on Simulating Accelerator Radiation
        Environments, KEK, Tsukuba (Japan) 7-9 May 1997.
        Ed. H. Hirayama, KEK Proceedings 97-5 (1997), p. 32-43



 Fas98  A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala,
        Total Giant Resonance photonuclear cross sections for light nuclei:
        A database for the FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code
        Proc. 3rd Specialists' Meeting on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators,
        Targets and Irradiation Facilities (SATIF 3), 12-13 May 1997, Tohoku
        University, Sendai (Japan)
        OECD-NEA 1998, p. 61



 Fas01  A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala,
        Electron-photon transport in FLUKA: status
        Invited talk in the Proceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Conference, Lisbon,
        October 23-26 2000, A. Kling, F. Barao, M. Nakagawa, L. T'avora,
        P. Vaz eds., Springer-Verlag Berlin, p. 159-164 (2001)

 Fas01a A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, J. Ranft, P.R. Sala,
        FLUKA: Status and Prospective for Hadronic Applications
        Invited talk in the Proceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Conference, Lisbon,
        October 23-26 2000, A. Kling, F. Barao, M. Nakagawa, L. T'avora,
        P. Vaz eds., Springer-Verlag Berlin, p. 955-960 (2001)



 Fas01b A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala and G. Tsiledakis
        Implementation of Xenon capture gammas in FLUKA for TRD background
        calculations
        CERN Report ALICE-INT-2001-28 (2001)



 Fas03  A. Fassò, A. Ferrari, S. Roesler, P.R. Sala, G. Battistoni, F. Cerutti,
        E. Gadioli, M.V. Garzelli, F. Ballarini, A. Ottolenghi, A. Empl
        and J. Ranft
        The physics models of FLUKA: status and recent developments
        Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics 2003 Conference (CHEP2003),
        La Jolla, CA, USA, March 24--28, 2003, (paper MOMT005),
        eConf C0303241 (2003), arXiv:hep-ph/0306267



 Fas10  A. Fasso, A. Ferrari, G. Smirnov, F. Sommerer, V. Vlachoudis,
        FLUKA Realistic Modeling of Radiation Induced Damage
        Proceedings of a Joint International Conference on Supercomputing in
        Nuclear Applications and Monte Carlo 2010 (SNA + MC2010), Tokyo, Japan,
        October 17-21, 2010

 Fen81  I.J. Feng, R.H. Pratt and H.K. Tseng
        Positron bremsstrahlung
        Phys. Rev. A24, 1358-1363 (1981)



 Fer91a A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala, R. Guaraldi, F. Padoani
        An improved multiple scattering model for charged particle
        transport
        Presented at the Int. Conf. on Radiation Physics, Dubrovnik, 1991
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. in Phys. Res. B71, 412-426 (1992)



 Fer91b A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala, A. Fass\`o, G.R. Stevenson
        Can we predict radiation levels in calorimeters?
        Proc. 2nd Int. Conference on Calorimetry in
        High-Energy Physics, 14-18 October 1991, Capri (Italy)
        World Scientific, Singapore 1992, p. 101-116
        CERN EAGLE Internal Note CAL-NO-005 (1991)



 Fer94  A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala
        A new model for hadronic interactions at intermediate
        energies for the FLUKA code
        Proc. MC93 Int. Conf. on Monte Carlo Simulation in High Energy and
        Nuclear Physics, Tallahassee (Florida), 22-26 February 1993.
        Ed. by P. Dragovitsch, S.L. Linn, M. Burbank, World
        Scientific, Singapore 1994, p. 277-288



 Fer95  A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala
        Physics of showers induced by accelerator beams
        Proc. 1995 "Frèdèric Joliot" Summer School in Reactor
        Physics, 22-30 August 1995, Cadarache (France).
        Ed. CEA, Vol  1, lecture 5b (1996)



 Fer96  A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala, J. Ranft, and S. Roesler
        The production of residual nuclei in peripheral high energy
        nucleus-nucleus interactions
        Z. Phys. C71, 75-86 (1996)



 Fer96a A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala, J. Ranft, and S. Roesler
        Cascade particles, nuclear evaporation, and residual nuclei
        in high energy hadron-nucleus interactions"
        Z. Phys. C70, 413-426 (1996)



 Fer96b A. Ferrari, and P.R. Sala
        The Physics of High Energy Reactions
        Proc. of the Workshop on Nuclear Reaction Data and Nuclear Reactors
        Physics, Design and Safety, International Centre for Theoretical
        Physics, Miramare-Trieste (Italy) 15 April-17 May 1996,
        Ed. A. Gandini and G. Reffo, World Scientific, p. 424 (1998).

 Fer97  A. Ferrari, and P.R. Sala
        Intermediate and high energy models in FLUKA: improvements,
        benchmarks and applications
        Proc. Int. Conf. on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology,
        NDST-97, Trieste (Italy), 19-24 May 1997. Ed. G. Reffo, A. Ventura
        and C. Grandi (Bologna: Italian Phys. Soc.) Vol. 59, Part I,
        p. 247 (1997)

 Fer97a A. Ferrari, T. Rancati, and P.R. Sala
        FLUKA applications in high energy problems: from LHC to ICARUS and
        atmospheric showers
        Proc. 3rd Workshop on Simulating Accelerator Radiation Environments
        (SARE 3), 7-9 May 1997 KEK, Tsukuba (Japan). Ed. H. Hirayama
        KEK Proceedings 97-5 (1997), p. 165-175

 Fer98  A. Ferrari, and P.R. Sala
        Treating high energy showers
        In: Training course on the use of MCNP in Radiation Protection and
        Dosimetry, ENEA, Roma (1998), p. 233-264

 For78  R.L. Ford and W.R. Nelson
        The EGS Code System: computer programs for the Monte Carlo simulation of
        electromagnetic cascade showers
        SLAC Report 210 (1978)



 Gab89  T.A. Gabriel, J.E. Brau and B.L. Bishop
        The Physics of Compensating Calorimetry and the New CALOR89 Code System
        Oak Ridge Report ORNL/TM-11060 (1989)



 Gai01  T.K. Gaisser, M. Honda, P. Lipari and T. Stanev
        Primary spectrum to 1 TeV and beyond
        Proc. 27th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2001), Hamburg,
        Germany, 7-15 Aug. 2001, p. 1643-1646 (2001)



 Gei65  J.A. Geibel, J. Ranft
        Part VI: Monte Carlo calculation of the nucleon meson cascade
        in shielding materials
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. 32, 65-69 (1965)



 Gle68  L.J. Gleeson and W.I. Axford
        Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays
        Astrophys. J., 154, 1011, 1968



 Goe71  K. Goebel, Ed.
        Radiation problems encountered in the design of multi-GeV research
        facilities:
           E. Freytag, J. Ranft, "Hadronic and electromagnetic cascades"
           K. Goebel, L. Hoffmann, J. Ranft, G.R. Stevenson, "Estimate of
              the hadronic cascade initiated by high-energy particles"
           K. Goebel, J. Ranft, G.R. Stevenson, "Induced radioactivity"
           J.H.B. Madsen, M.H. Van de Voorde, J. Ranft, G.B. Stapleton,
              "Radiation-induced damage to machine components and
              radiation heating"
           J. Ranft, "The interaction of protons in machine components
              and beam loss distributions"
        CERN Yellow Report 71-21 (1971)



 Goe73  K. Goebel, J. Ranft, J.T. Routti, G.R. Stevenson
        Estimation of remanent dose rates from induced radioactivity in
        the SPS ring and target areas
        CERN LABII-RA/73-5 (1973)



 Gub67  W. Guber, J. Nagel, R. Goldstein, P.S. Mettelman,
        and M.H. Kalos
        A geometric description technique suitable for computer analysis
        of both the nuclear and conventional vulnerability of armored
        military vehicles
        Mathematical Applications Group, Inc. Report MAGI-6701 (1967)



 Han79  K. Haenssgen, R. Kirschner, J. Ranft, H. Wetzig
        Monte Carlo simulation of inelastic hadron-hadron reactions in
        the medium energy range (sqrt{s} <~ 3 GeV). Description
        of the model used and of the Monte Carlo code HADRIN
        University of Leipzig report KMU-HEP-79-07 (1979)



 Han80  K. Haenssgen, R. Kirschner, J. Ranft, H. Wetzig
        Monte-Carlo simulation of inelastic hadron nucleus reactions.
        Description of the model and computer code NUCRIN
        University of Leipzig report KMU-HEP-80-07 (1980)



 Han84  K. Haenssgen, J. Ranft
        Hadronic event generation for hadron cascade calculations and
        detector simulation I. Inelastic hadron nucleon collisions at
        energies below 5 GeV
        Nucl. Sci. Eng. 88, 537-550 (1984)



 Han84a K. Haenssgen, H-J. Moehring, J. Ranft
        Hadronic event generation for hadron cascade calculations and
        detector simulation II. Inelastic hadron-nucleus collisions at
        energies below 5 GeV
        Nucl. Sci. Eng. 88, 551-566 (1984)



 Han84b K. Haenssgen, S. Ritter
        The Monte Carlo code DECAY to simulate the decay of baryon and
        meson resonances
        University of Leipzig report KMU-HEP-79-14 (1979)
        Comp. Phys. Comm. 31, 411-418 (1984)



 Han86  K. Haenssgen, J. Ranft
        The Monte Carlo code HADRIN to simulate inelastic hadron-nucleon
        interactions at laboratory energies below 5 GeV
        Comp. Phys. Comm. 39, 37-51 (1986)



 Han86a K. Haenssgen, J. Ranft
        The Monte Carlo code NUCRIN to simulate inelastic hadron-nucleus
        interactions at laboratory energies below 5 GeV
        Comp. Phys. Comm. 39, 53-70 (1986)

 Han87  K. Haenssgen
        Hadronic event generation for hadron cascade calculations and
        detector simulation IV. The application of the intranuclear cascade model
        to reactions of pions, nucleons, kaons, and their antiparticles
        with nuclei below 6 GeV/c
        Nucl. Sci. Eng. 95, 135-147 (1987)



 Hof75a M. Hoefert, F. Coninckx, J.M. Hanon, Ch. Steinbach
        The prediction of radiation levels from induced radioactivity:
        discussion of an internal dump target in the PS
        CERN Divisional Report DI/HP/185 (1975)



 Hof75b M. Hoefert, A. Bonifas
        Measurement odf radiation parameters for the prediction of
        dose-rates from induced radioactivity
        CERN Internal Report HP-75-148 (1975)



 ICRP60 International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP
        Publication 60, Annals of the ICRP 21, 1-3 (1991)



 ICRU84 International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements
        Stopping powers for electrons and positrons
        ICRU Report 37, Oxford University Press (1984)



 Ign75  A.V. Ignatyuk, G.N. Smirenkin and A.S. Tishin
        Phenomenological Description of the Energy Dependence of the Level
        Density Parameter
        Yad. Fiz. 21, 485-490 (1975)
        Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 21, 255-257 (1975)



 Ins09  Insoo Jun, Wousik Kim and R. Evans
        Electron Nonionizing Energy Loss for Device Applications
        IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 56, 3229-3235 (2009)



 Jaa73  R. Jaarsma and H. Rief
        TIMOC 72 code manual
        Ispra report EUR 5016e (1973)



 Jam90  F. James
        A review of pseudorandom number generators
        Comp. Phys. Comm. 60, 329-344 (1990)



 Kim86 L. Kim, R.H. Pratt, S.M. Seltzer, M.J. Berger
       Ratio of positron to electron bremsstrahlung energy loss: an
       approximate scaling law
       Phys. Rev. A33, 3002-3009 (1986)



 Koc59 H.W. Koch and J.W. Motz
       Bremsstrahlung Cross-Section Formulas and Related Data
       Rev. Mod. Phys. 314, 920-955 (1959)



 Kow87 H. Kowalski, H.-J. Moehring, T. Tymieniecka
       High speed Monte Carlo with neutron component - NEUKA
       DESY 87-170 (1987)

 Lan44 L.D. Landau
       On the energy loss of fast particles by ionization (In Russian)
       J. Phys. U.S.S.R., 8, 201 (1944)
       Collected papers of L.D. Landau, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1965,
       p. 417-424



 Lan53 L.D. Landau, I.Ya. Pomeranchuk
       The limits of applicability of the theory of bremsstrahlung by
       electrons and of creation of pairs at large energies (In Russian)
       Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 92, 535-536 (1953)
       Collected papers of L.D. Landau, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1965,
       p. 586-588



 Lan53a L.D. Landau, I.Ya. Pomeranchuk
       Electron-cascade processes at ultra-high energies (In Russian)
        Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 92, 735-738 (1953)
        Collected papers of L.D. Landau, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1965,
        p. 589-593



 Lic79  H. Lichtenstein, M.O. Cohen, H.A. Steinberg,
        E.S. Troubetzkoy, M. Beer
        The SAM-CE Monte Carlo system for radiation transport and
        criticality calculations in complex configurations (Revision 7.0)
        RSIC Computer Code Collection CCC-187 (1979)-/Lic79



 Lux91  I. Lux and L. Koblinger
        Monte Carlo particle transport methods: neutron and photon
        calculations
        CRC Press, Boca Raton 1991



 Mar04  G. Marsaglia and W.W Tsang
        The 64-bit universal RNG
        Statistics & Probability Letters 66, 183-187 (2004)



 Mar87  G. Marsaglia and A. Zaman
        Toward a universal random number generator
        Florida State University report FSU-SCRI-87-50 (1987)



 Mar91  G. Marsaglia and A. Zaman
        A new class of random number generators
        Ann. Appl. Probab. 1, 462-480 (1991)



 Mig56  A.B. Migdal
        Bremsstrahlung and pair production in condensed media at high
        energies
        Phys. Rev. 103, 1811 (1956)



 Mig57  A.B. Migdal
        Bremsstrahlung and pair production at high energies in condensed
        media
        Zh. Exp. Teor. Fiz. SSSR 32, 633-646 (1957)
        Sov. Phys. JETP 5, 527-536 (1957)



 Moh81  H.-J. Moehring, J. Ranft, J. Sandberg
        FLUKA81 - A new version of the hadron cascade code
        CERN HS-RP/IR/81-55 (1981)



 Moh83  H.-J. Moehring
        Hadron-nucleus inelastic cross-sections for use in hadron cascade
        calculations at high energies
        CERN TIS-RP/116 (1983).

 Moh83a H.-J. Moehring, J. Ranft
        Hadronic event generation for hadron cascade calculations and
        detector simulation III. Application of the model to hadron
        cascade calculations
        Nucl. Sci. Eng. 89, 247-255 (1985)

 Moh85  H.-J. Moehring, J. Ranft, S. Ritter
        Particle production in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions in
        dual Monte-Carlo multi-chain fragmentation model
        Z. Phys. C27, 419-426 (1985)



 Moh89  H.-J. Moehring
        On the contribution of electroproduction off nuclei to the
        generation of energetic hadrons in electromagnetic showers
        DESY 89-150 (1989)

 Moh92  H.-J. Moehring, J. Ranft
        DTUNUC - Sampling of hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus
        interactions according to the dual parton model. Version 1.00
        University of Leipzig report UL-HEP 92-02 (1992)

 Moh92a H.-J. Moehring, J. Ranft, A. Capella, J. Tran Than Van
        Strangeness production in hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus and
        nucleus-nucleus collisions in the Dual Parton Model
        University of Leipzig report UL-HEP 92-09 (1992)

 Moh92b H.-J. Moehring, J. Ranft, C. Merino, C. Pajares
        String fusion in the Dual Parton Model and the production of
        antihyperons in heavy ion collisions
        University of Leipzig report UL-HEP 92-10 (1992)



 Mol47  G.Z. Molière
        Theorie der Streuung schneller geladener Teilchen
        I - Einzelstreuung am abgeschirmten Coulomb-Feld
        Z. Naturforsch. 2a, 133-145 (1947)



 Mol48  G.Z. Molière
        Theorie der Streuung schneller geladener Teilchen II - Mehrfach
        und Vielfachstreuung
        Z. Naturforsch. 3a, 78-97 (1948)



 Mol55  G.Z. Molière
        Theorie der Streuung schneller geladener Teilchen IIIc - Die
        Vielfachstreuung von Bahnspuren unter Beruecksichtigung der
        statistischen Kopplung
        Z. Naturforsch. 10a, 177-211 (1955)



 Mot29  N.F. Mott
        The scattering of fast electrons by atomic nuclei
        Proc. R. Soc. London A124, 425-442 (1929)



 Nel85  W.R. Nelson, H. Hirayama, D.W.O. Rogers
        The EGS4 code system
        SLAC-265 (1985)



 NJOY   http://http://t2.lanl.gov/codes/



 PDG    K. Nakamura et al.  (Particle Data Group)
        Review of particle physics
        J. Phys.  G37, 075021 (2010)
        http://pdg.lbl.gov/



 Pel00 M. Pelliccioni
       Overview of fluence-to-effective dose and fluence-to-ambient
       dose equivalent conversion coefficients for high energy
       radiation calculated using the FLUKA code
       Radiation Protection Dosimetry 88 (2000) 279-297



 Pra89  R.E. Prael and H. Lichtenstein
        User Guide to LCS: the LAHET Code System
        Los Alamos Report LA-UR-89-3014 (1989)



 Pra98  R.E. Prael, A. Ferrari, R.K. Tripathi, A. Polanski
        Comparison of nucleon cross section parameterization methods
        for medium and high energies
        Proc. 4th Workshop on Simulating Accelerator Radiation
        Environments (SARE4), 14-16 September 1998, Knoxville (Tenn.)



 Pra98a R.E. Prael, A. Ferrari, R.K. Tripathi, A. Polanski
        Plots supplemental to: "Comparison of nucleon cross section
        parameterization methods for medium and high energies"
        Los Alamos report LA-UR-98-5843 (1998)



 Qia87  S. Qian and A. Van Ginneken
        Characteristics of inelastic interactions of high energy hadrons
        with atomic electrons
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. A256, 285-296 (1987)



 Ran64  J. Ranft
        Monte Carlo calculation of the nucleon-meson cascade in shielding
        materials initiated by incoming proton beams with energies
        between 10 and 1000 GeV
        CERN Yellow Report 64-47 (1964)



 Ran66  J. Ranft
        Improved Monte-Carlo calculations of the nucleon-meson cascade
        in shielding materials
        CERN Report MPS/Int. MU/EP 66-8 (1966)



 Ran67 J. Ranft
        Improved Monte-Carlo calculation of the nucleon-meson cascade in
        shielding material I. Description of the method of calculation
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. 48, 133-140 (1967)



 Ran70a J. Ranft
        Monte Carlo calculation of energy deposition by the nucleon-meson
        cascade and total-absorption-nuclear-cascade (TANC) counters
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. 81, 29-35 (1970)



 Ran70b J. Ranft, K. Goebel
        Estimation of induced radioactivity around high energy
        accelerators from hadronic cascade star densities obtained from
        Monte carlo calculations
        CERN Internal Report HP-70-92 (1970)

 Ran71 J. Ranft
        The interaction of protons in machine components and beam loss
        distributions
        Chap. II in Goe71



 Ran72 J. Ranft
        Estimation of radiation problems around high energy accelerators
        using calculations of the hadronic cascade in matter
        Part. Accel. 3, 129-161 (1972)



 Ran72a J. Ranft, J.T. Routti
        Hadronic cascade calculations of angular distributions of
        integrated secondary particle fluxes from external targets and
        new empirical formulae describing particle production in
        proton-nucleus collisions
        Part. Accel. 4, 101-110 (1972)



 Ran74  J. Ranft, J.T. Routti
        Monte-Carlo programs for calculating three-dimensional
        high-energy (50 MeV-500 GeV) hadron cascades in matter
        Comp. Phys. Comm. 7, 327-342 (1974)

 Ran79  J. Ranft, W.R. Nelson
        Monte Carlo calculation of photon, electron and positron
        production from primary proton beams
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. 167, 443-448 (1979)

 Ran80 J. Ranft
        Particle production models. Sampling high-energy
        multiparticle events from inclusive single particle distributions
        In: Computer Techniques in Radiation Transport and
        Dosimetry. Ed. W.R. Nelson, T.M. Jenkins, Plenum Press, (1980),
        p. 279-310



 Ran80a J. Ranft
        The FLUKA and KASPRO hadronic cascade codes
        In: Computer Techniques in Radiation Transport and
        Dosimetry. Ed. W.R. Nelson, T.M. Jenkins, Plenum Press, (1980),
        p. 339-372



 Ran83  J. Ranft, S. Ritter
        Particle production in hadron-nucleus collisions in a multi-chain
        fragmentation model
        Z. Phys. C20, 347-355 (1983)



 Ran83a J. Ranft, S. Ritter
        The Monte-Carlo codes NUCEVT and HADEVT to simulate hadron
        production in hadron-nucleus and hadron-hadron collisions
        CERN Internal Report TIS-RP/IR/83-23 (1983)



 Ran85  J. Ranft, S. Ritter
        Rapidity ratios, Feynman-x distributions and forward-backward
        correlations in hadron-nucleus collisions in a dual Monte-Carlo
        multi-chain fragmentation model
        Z. Phys. C27, 569-576 (1985)



 Ran85a J. Ranft, S. Ritter
        Particle production and correlations in hadron-hadron collisions
        in the dual Monte-Carlo chain fragmentation model
        Z. Phys. C27, 413-418 (1985)



 Ran85b J. Ranft, P.A. Aarnio, G.R. Stevenson
        FLUKA82
        Presented at the Workshop on Shower Simulation for LEP Experiments,
        CERN, Geneva (Switzerland) 29-31 January 1985
        CERN TIS-RP/156/CF (1985)

 Ran87  J. Ranft
        Transverse energy distributions in nucleus-nucleus collisions in
        the dual Monte-Carlo multi-chain fragmentation model
        Phys. Lett. B188, 379-382 (1987)

 Ran87a J. Ranft
        The diffractive component of particle production in the dual
        multistring fragmentation model
        Z. Phys. C33, 517-523 (1987)



 Ran87b J. Ranft, W.R. Nelson
        Hadron cascades induced by electron and photon beams in the GeV
        energy range
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. A257, 177-184 (1987)
        SLAC-PUB-3959 (1986)

 Ran88 J. Ranft
        Hadron production in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions
        in the dual Monte Carlo multichain fragmentation model
        Phys. Rev. D37, 1842-1850 (1988)

 Ran88a J. Ranft
        Hadron production in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions
        in a dual parton model modified by a formation zone intranuclear cascade
        Z. Phys. C43, 439-446 (1988)

 Ran94  J. Ranft and S. Roesler
        Single diffractive hadron-nucleus interactions within the Dual Parton
        Model
        Z. Phys. C62, 329-396 (1994)



 Ran95  J. Ranft
        Dual parton model at cosmic ray energies
        Phys. Rev. D51, 64-84 (1995)



 Ran97  J. Ranft
        33 years of high energy radiation Monte Carlo calculations in
        Europe as seen from CERN
        Proc. 2nd Workshop on Simulating Accelerator Radiation
        Environments (SARE2), CERN, Geneva, 9-11 October 1995
        CERN/TIS-RP/97-05 (1997), p. 1

 Rit80  S. Ritter, J. Ranft
        Simulation of quark jet fragmentation into mesons and baryons on
        the basis of a chain decay model
        Acta Phys. Pol. B11, 259-279 (1980)

 Rit82  S. Ritter
        QCD jets in e+e- -annihilation and the transition into hadrons
        Z. Phys. C16, 27-38 (1982)



 Rit84  S. Ritter
        Monte-Carlo code BAMJET to simulate the fragmentation of quark
        and diquark jets
        University of Leipzig report KMU-HEP 8302 (1983)
        Comp. Phys. Comm. 31, 393-400 (1984)

 Rit84a S. Ritter
        Monte-Carlo code PARJET to simulate e^+e^- -annihilation events
        via QCD Jets
        Comp. Phys. Comm. 31, 401-409 (1984)

 Roe93  S. Roesler, R. Engel and J. Ranft
        The single diffractive component in hadron-hadron collisions within
        the two-component Dual Parton Model
        Z. Phys. C59 481-488 (1993)



 Roe01  S. Roesler, R. Engel and J. Ranft
        The Monte Carlo event generator DPMJET-III
        Proc. Monte Carlo 2000 Conference, Lisbon, October 23-26 2000,
        A. Kling, F. Bar~ao, M. Nakagawa, L. T'avora, P. Vaz eds.,
        Springer-Verlag Berlin, p. 1033-1038, 2001.



 Roe06  S. Roesler and G.R. Stevenson
        deq99.f - A FLUKA user-routine converting fluence into
        effective dose and ambient dose equivalent
        Technical Note CERN-SC-2006-070-RP-TN, EDMS No. 809389 (2006)



 San00  T. Sanuki et al.
        Precise Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra with the
        BESS Spectrometer
        arXiv:astro-ph/0002481 (2000)



 Sar90  E. Sartori
        Standard Energy Group Structures Of Cross Section Libraries For
        Reactor Shielding, Reactor Cell and Fusion Neutronics Applications:
        VITAMIN-J, ECCO--33, ECCO--2000 and XMAS
        JEF/DOC-315, Revision 3, 1990



 Sau31  F. Sauter
        Ueber den atomaren Photoeffekt bei grosser Haerte der
        anregenden Strahlung
        Ann. der Phys. 9, 217-247 (1931)
        Ueber den atomaren Photoeffekt in der K-Schale nach der
        relativistischen Wellenmechanik Diracs
        Ann. der Phys. 9, 454-488 (1931)



 Sch74  H. Schoenbacher
        Short write-up of standard RA-Group Monte Carlo programs
        available on permanent file on the 7600 computer library
        CERN Technical Memorandum LABII-RA/TM/74-5 (1974)



 Sel85  S.M. Seltzer, M.J. Berger
        Bremsstrahlung spectra from electron interactions with screened
        nuclei and orbital electrons
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. B12, 95-134 (1985)



 Sel86  S.M. Seltzer, M.J. Berger
        Bremsstrahlung spectra from electrons with kinetic energy
        1 keV-10 GeV incident on screened nuclei and orbital electrons
        of neutral atoms with Z = 1-100
        At. Data Nucl. Data Tab. 35, 345-418 (1986)



 She91  Qing-biao Shen
        Systematics of intermediate energy proton nonelastic and neutron
        total cross section
        IAEA Report INDC(CPR)-020, 1991



 Sor89  H. Sorge, H. Stoecker and W. Greiner
        Poincarè invariant Hamiltonian dynamics: Modelling multi-hadronic
        interactions in a phase space approach
        Ann. Phys. 192, 266-306 (1989)



 Sor89a H. Sorge, H. Stoecker and W. Greiner
        Relativistic quantum molecular dynamics approach to nuclear
        collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
        Nucl. Phys. A498, 567c-576 (1989)



 Sor95  H. Sorge
        Flavor production in Pb(160A GeV) on Pb collisions: Effect of
        color ropes and hadronic rescattering
        Phys. Rev. C52, 3291-3314 (1995)

 Ste82  R.M. Sternheimer, S.M. Seltzer, M.J. Berger
        Density effect for the ionization loss of charged particles in
        various substances
        Phys. Rev. B26, 6067-6076 (1982)



 Ste84  R.M. Sternheimer, M.J. Berger, S.M. Seltzer
        Density effect for the ionization loss of charged particles in
        various substances
        At. Data Nucl. Data Tab. 30, 261-271 (1984)



 Sum95  G.P. Summers, E.A. Burke, M.A. Xapsos
        Displacement damage analogs to ionizing radiation effects
        Rad. Meas. 24, 1-8 (1995)



 Ter54  M.L. Ter-Mikaelyan
        Bremsstrahlung radiation spectrum in a medium
        Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 94, 1033 (1954)

 Ter72  M.L. Ter-Mikaelyan
        High Energy Electromagnetic Processes in Condensed Media
        Wiley & Sons, New York 1972



 Tho88  R.H. Thomas and G.R. Stevenson
        Radiological Safety Aspects of the Operation of Proton Accelerators
        IAEA Technical Reports Series No. 283, Vienna 1988



 Tsa74  Y.-S. Tsai
        Pair production and bremsstrahlung of charged leptons
        Rev. Mod. Phys. 46, 815-851 (1974)
        Erratum: Rev. Mod. Phys. 49, 421-423 (1977)



 Tym90  T. Tymieniecka, H.-J. Moehring
        NEUKA86 Manual
        ZEUS-Note 90-097 (1990)



 Van75  A. Van Ginneken
        CASIM, program to simulate hadronic cascades in bulk matter
        Fermilab report FN-272 (1975)



 Van86  A. Van Ginneken
        Energy loss and angular characteristics of high energy
        electromagnetic processes
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. A251, 21-39 (1986)

 Wet81  H. Wetzig, K. Haenssgen, J. Ranft
        Monte-Carlo simulation of elastic hadron nucleus reactions with
        the computer code NUCREL
        University of Leipzig report KMU-HEP 81-07 (1981).



 Zan01  M. Zankl and A. Wittmann
        The adult male voxel model "Golem" segmented from whole-body CT
        patient data
        Radiat. Environm. Biophys. 40, 153-162 (2001)



 Zaz90  J.M. Zazula
        Implementation of a low energy neutron transport module into a
        Monte Carlo hadronic shower code and its applications for
        accelerator shielding problems
        Prog. Nucl. Energy 24, 385-397 (1990)



 Zaz91  J.M. Zazula and K. Tesch
        Study of the neutron field from a hadronic cascade in iron:
        verification of a Monte Carlo calculational model by comparison
        with measured data
        Nucl. Instr. Meth. A300, 164-178 (1991)



 Zie77  J.F. Ziegler, H.H. Andersen
        The stopping and ranges of ions in matter
        Vol. 1-4, Pergamon Press, New York-Toronto-Oxford-Sydney-
        Frankfurt-Paris 1977

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