defines a single-element material or (coupled to a COMPOUND card) a
compound
(see also COMPOUND, MAT-PROP, LOW-MAT)
WHAT(1) = atomic number (meaningful only when NOT coupled to a
COMPOUND card; otherwise set = 0.)
No default.
WHAT(2) = atomic weight (meaningful only when NOT coupled to a
COMPOUND card; otherwise set = 0.)
No default.
WHAT(3) = density in g/cm**3. Note that if the density is lower than
0.01, the material is considered to be a gas at
atmospheric pressure unless set otherwise by MAT-PROP
No default.
WHAT(4) = number (index) of the material
Default = NMAT + 1 (NMAT is the current number of defined
materials. Its value is = 25 before any MATERIAL card is
given, and doesn't change if WHAT(4) overrides a number
which has already been assigned)
WHAT(5) >= 2.0: alternate material number for ionisation processes
(this material will be used instead of WHAT(1) for dE/dx
etc.)
0 =< WHAT(5) =< 2: ignored
< 0.0: reset to default
Default: no alternate material
WHAT(6) = mass number of the material: set = 0 unless a specific
individual isotope is desired. If not zero a nucleus of
the given mass number is used by the EVAP generator for
inelastic collisions, else the natural isotopic
composition of the WHAT(1) element is used. For isotopic
composition other than natural or single isotope, see
COMPOUND
SDUM = name of the material
Default: COPPER, FLUKA material 12
Default (option MATERIAL not given): standard pre-defined
material numbers are used (see list in 5}).
Notes: MATERIAL cards can be used in couple with COMPOUND cards
in order to define compounds, mixtures or isotopic
compositions. See COMPOUND for input instructions.
Material number 1 is always External Vacuum (Black Hole)
and it can not be redefined. (All the particles vanish when
they reach the External Vacuum, which has an infinite
absorption cross-section)
Material number 2 is always Vacuum (of zero absorption
cross-section) and it can not be redefined.
Although the material number can be omitted, this is not
recommended. It is allowed to override a number already
assigned (either by default, see list 5}, or by a previous
MATERIAL card). If the number has not been assigned before,
it must be the next number available (26, 27... for
successive MATERIAL cards). It is not allowed to leave empty
gaps in the number sequence.
Materials having a different density at the macroscopic and at
the microscopic levels (e.g. spongy matter or approximations
for not entirely empty vacuum) need a special treatment
regarding stopping power (density effect). In such cases, see
MAT-PROP.
See 15} for examples of use of MATERIAL, COMPOUND and
LOW-MAT.
Example:
*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7....+...
MATERIAL 1. 1.0079 8.988E-5 3. 0.0 1. HYDROGEN
MATERIAL 6. 12.011 2.265 10. 0.0 0. CARBON
MATERIAL 6. 12.011 2.0 11. 0.0 0. GRAPHITE
MATERIAL 41. 92.9064 8.57 15. 0.0 0. NIOBIUM
MATERIAL 48. 112.411 8.650 26. 0.0 0. CADMIUM
MATERIAL 24. 51.996 7.19 27. 0.0 0. CHROMIUM
MATERIAL 27. 58.93320 8.90 28. 0.0 0. COBALT
* Several cases are illustrated:
* Hydrogen, pre-defined as material 3, is re-defined with the same number, but
* as monoisotopic 1-H. Carbon, originally pre-defined as material 6.0, is
* re-defined twice: first with a different density as 10.0, overriding the
* default 10.0 (Aluminium), and then with a different name, overriding the
* default 11.0 (Iron). Niobium is defined as material 15.0, overriding the
* default pre-defined material 15.0 (Gold). Cadmium, Chromium and Cobalt are
* added to the list, and are assigned consecutive numbers starting from the
* first free slot (26.0)
