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==== Release notes for Fluka2025.1 ,  ====

==== the 4th generation of the FLUKA ====

==== MC code, authored by A.Fassò,  ====

==== A.Ferrari, J.Ranft, and P.R.Sala   ====

=== IN A FEW WEEKS THE OFFICIAL FLUKA ===

=== WEB SITE WILL MIGRATE FROM ===

=== www.fluka.org TO www.fluka.eu. ===

== AN ANNOUNCEMENT AND FURTHER ===

=== INSTRUCTIONS WILL BE SENT A FEW ===

=== DAYS BEFORE THE MIGRATION ===

This is a major release with several important physics and technical improvements and additions.

New features are shortly listed below, and described in more detail in the ASCII or online versions of the manual. The pdf version of the manual is sometimes not yet complete with respect to the new options, please refer to the ASCII or online manuals in those cases.

SHORT LIST OF NEW/CHANGED FEATURES

• Pointwise Thermal Scattering Laws (TSL) for thermal neutrons implemented, including inelastic scattering (S(alpha,beta)), incoherent elastic, and coherent elastic;
• Fully correlated delayed neutron production can be activated on demand for pointwise (low energy) neutron transport (see the manual, card PHYSICS, SDUM=DELAYNEU);
• Pointwise fission neutron generation has been further improved. Not only the resulting average multiplicties, but also the multiplicity distributions are now in nice agreement with what reported by experimental data and/or evaluated data files. At the same time, the fission neutron energy spectra have further improved as well;
• Cosmic Ray spectra according to the Global Spline Fit (GSF) model are now available as an alternative to the AMS based ones (they are obviously very similar) (see the manual under SPECSOUR, SDUM=GCR-GSF);
• The latest International Geomagnetic Reference Field model 14 (November 2024) is now implemented for the accurate description of the Earth magnetic field. It substitutes the previous Igrf13 model;
• The Athermal ReCombination (arc) model for DPA calculations is now available as an alternative to the previous model (see the manual under MAT-PROP, SDUM=DPA-ENER);
• Different choices of partition functions and screening radii are now available for DPA and NIEL calculations (see the manual under MAT-PROP, SDUM=NIEL-PFN);
• User defined neutron reflection is now implemented (see the manual under MAT-PROP, SDUM=N-REFLEC). This is still an experimental feature, please report whichever problem you may find experimenting with it;
• Inverse Compton electron/positron interactions on light fields are now available. Two possibilities are implemented * a spherical (stellar-like) light source; * an uniform black body radiation field (eg CMB). (see the manual under INVCOMPT);
• Synchrotron radiation emission along particle trajectories can now be explicitly activated for whichever charged particle travelling in whichever magnetic field (see the options ASSIGNMAT and SYNCRAD in the manual). The model overcomes the limitations of the original synchrotron radiation source (SPECSOUR, SDUM=SYNC...) which was limited to ultrarelativistic particles and trajectories with picth angle close to 90 degrees. The new model allows for whichever picth angle and works also for particles moderately relativistic in the transverse (with respect to the field) plane. The physics improvements have been ported to the SPECSOUR, SDUM=SYNC-... options which are still available;
• Particle generation and/or energy threshold based biasing is now available, particularly useful for very high energy shower simulations (option BIASING, SDUM's RRPRONLY, RR-GENER, RRTHRESH, RR-LPTHR);
• The generic tetrahedron, TET, body has been added to the geometry package;
• Runge-Kutta-Gill tracking parameters (options MGNFIELD, ELCFIELD, SDUM=RUNGKUTT) have been re-organized to streamline and simplify the input of tracking accuracy parameters (see the manual);
• There are again a few improvements in the modeling of photonuclear interactions above ~100 MeV;
• The GDR cross section for 56Fe has been updated and revised;
• Further source code reorganization. All the FLUKA code is now under IMPLICIT NONE;
• The geocrs routine has been replaced by the geodrr one (same arguments and usage), so please update possible personal source.f routines;
• Built-in source routines for neutron spectra from Am-Be, Am-B, 252-Cf sources (see the BEAM card);
At the same time a few rare bugs have been fixed.

WARNING

ALWAYS VALID IMPORTANT WARNINGS

• Whenever residual nuclei (and residual dose rates) scoring is of importance, or accurate neutron yields are required, the heavy residual emission ("fragmentation") and the coalescence emission of fast complex particles should be switched on, through the following data cards:
  PHYSICS 3.0 EVAPORAT
  PHYSICS 1.0 COALESCE
  and (as a consequence of coalescence) it would be wise to link with rQMD-2.4 (and DPMJET) and activate ion transport and interactions, and circumvent the lack of deuteron interactions at low energy with
  PHYSICS 1.0 0.005 0.15 2.0 2.0 2.0IONSPLIT
  These suggestions are mandatory for residual nuclei calculations.
• Old residual nuclei output files The auxiliary programs (usrsuw and usrsuwev in $FLUPRO/flutil) that sum and process the residual nuclei output files depend on the nuclear database. Users who still need to process files produced with previous fluka versions should contact the fluka developers. Users who already produced xxx_tab.lis and xxx_sum.lis files are not concerned.
• The ARB, BOX, WED body types, which are deprecated since many years due to their precision problem prone coding, are now accepted only if the user explicitly sets SDUM=DEPRBODY in the GLOBAL card.
• The use of so-called "expressions" inside the Flair preprocessor, those writing pseudo-comments in the input file like !@what.1=-1.5e-2 is deprecated. In order to still use those kind of expressions, the user has to explicitly set SDUM=OLDFLAIR in the GLOBAL card.

REFERENCES TO BE QUOTED

The use of the FLUKA code must be acknowledged explicitly by quoting at least the following set of references

• F. Ballarini, K. Batkov, G. Battistoni, M.G. Bisogni, T.T. Böhlen, M. Campanella, M.P. Carante, D. Chen, A. De Gregorio, P.V. Degtiarenko, P. De la Torre Luque, R. dos Santos Augusto, R. Engel, A. Fassò, A. Fedynitch, Alfredo Ferrari, Anna Ferrari, G. Franciosini, A.C. Kraan, J. Lascaud, W. Li, J. Liu, Z. Liu, G. Magro, A. Mairani, I. Mattei, M.N. Mazziotta, M.C. Morone, S.E. Müller, S. Muraro, P.G. Ortega, K. Parodi, V. Patera, L.S. Pinsky, R.L. Ramos, J. Ranft, V. Rosso, P.R. Sala, M. Santana Leitner, G. Sportelli, T. Tessonnier, K.S. Ytre-Hauge, and L. Zana, "The FLUKA code: Overview and new developments", European Physics Journal Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol. 10, 16 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2024015
• A. Ferrari, P.R. Sala, A. Fasso`, and J. Ranft,
  "FLUKA: a multi-particle transport code",
  CERN 2005-10 (2005), INFN/TC_05/11, SLAC-R-773

Use of Flair must be acknowledged using the following reference:

• V. Vlachoudis,
  Proc. Int. Conf. on Mathematics, Computational Methods & Reactor Physics (M&C 2009),
  Saratoga Springs, New York, 2009

Additional FLUKA references can be added, provided they are relevant for this FLUKA version.

The use of the neutrino event generator (NUNDIS) must be acknowledged by quoting

• G. Battistoni, A. Ferrari, M. Lantz, P. R. Sala and G. I. Smirnov,
  "A neutrino-nucleon interaction generator for the FLUKA Monte Carlo code",
  Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms,
  Varenna, Italy, 15-19 June 2009,
  CERN-Proceedings-2010-001 pp.387-394.
  

For medical applcations of FLUKA:

• G. Battistoni, J. Bauer, T.T. Boehlen, F. Cerutti, M.P.W. Chin, R. Dos Santos Augusto, A. Ferrari, P.G. Ortega, W. Kozlowska, G. Magro, A. Mairani, K. Parodi, P.R. Sala, P. Schoofs, T. Tessonnier, V. Vlachoudis,
  "The FLUKA code: An accurate simulation tool for particle therapy",
  Frontiers in Oncology, Radiation Oncology Section, 00116 (2016)

If FLUKA is used together with rQMD-2.4 or DPMJET-3 the following references should be quoted:

rQMD-2.4:

• H. Sorge, H. Stoecker, and W. Greiner, Annals of Physics 192, 266 (1989)
• V. Andersen. F. Ballarini, G. Battistoni, M. Campanella, M. Carboni, F. Cerutti, A. Empl, A. Fasso`, A. Ferrari, E. Gadioli, M.V. Garzelli, K. Lee, A. Ottolenghi, M. Pelliccioni, L.S. Pinsky, J. Ranft, S. Roesler, P.R. Sala, and T.L. Wilson,
  "The FLUKA code for space applications: recent developments",
  Advances in Space Research, 34(6), 1302-1310 (2004).

DPMJET-3:

• S.Roesler, R.Engel, J.Ranft: "The Monte Carlo Event Generator DPMJET-III"
  in Proceedings of the Monte Carlo 2000 Conference, Lisbon, October 23-26
  2000, A. Kling, F. Barao, M. Nakagawa, L. Tavora, P. Vaz eds.,
  Springer-Verlag Berlin, 1033-1038 (2001).
• A. Fedynitch, PhD Thesis, https://cds.cern.ch/record/2231593/files/CERN-THESIS-2015-371.pdf.

Last updated: 4th of May, 2024