FLUKA: PHYSICS
Previous Index Next
PHYSICS
allows to override the standard FLUKA defaults for physics processes.
See also EMFCUT, IONTRANS, POLARIZAti, THRESHOLd
This command concerns the following physics processes:
2) SDUM
= CHARMDECay: flag for charmed hadron and tau transport
3) SDUM
= COALESCEnce: flag to activate the coalescence mechanism
5) SDUM
= DECAYS: decays of pions+/-, muons+/-, Kaon+/- (e-nue, mu-numu,
K+/-mu3 and K+/-e3 channels) and Klong (K0mu3 and K0e3 channels)
8) SDUM
= DPMTHREShold: lower energy threshold(s) for DPMJET
9) SDUM
= EM-DISSOciation: ion electromagnetic-dissociation
10) SDUM
= EVAPORAT: evaporation
14) SDUM
= INFLDCAY: in-flight decay of excited states, isomers, and
radioactive isotopes
15) SDUM
= IONBRPAIr: activates or deactivates heavy ion direct pair
production and nuclear form factors in delta ray production
16) SDUM
= IONSPLITting: activates the superposition model, i.e. ion
splitting into nucleons
17) SDUM
= ISOMERS: activates or deactivates the explicit assessment
of isomeric state production inside the nuclear models
18) SDUM
= LIMITS: sets the maximum (pp) CMS momentum (used for
initialization of high energy models, typically DPMJET), and/or
the maximum momentum for internal tabulations
19) SDUM
= NEUTRINO: selects which neutrino interactions are activated
20) SDUM
= PEATHREShold: sets the upper thresholds for the PEANUT model
22) SDUM
= QMDTHREShold: lower energy thresholds for RQMD, MYRQMD, BME
and complete fusion
For SDUM
= CHARMDECay:
WHAT(1)
: flag for charmed hadron and tau decays
=< -1.0 : resets to default
= 0.0 : ignored
= 1.0 : charmed hadrons and tau leptons are transported
WHAT(2)
-WHAT(6)
: not used
Default
= decay at production, no transport
For SDUM
= COALESCEnce:
WHAT(1)
: coalescence flag
< 0.0 : false (no coalescence)
= 0.0 : ignored
> 0.0 : true, coalescence is activated
Default
= no coalescence
WHAT(2)
-WHAT(6)
: reserved to developers' use
For SDUM
= DECAYS:
WHAT(1)
: flag for particle decay
=< -1.0: resets to default
= 0.0: ignored
= 1.0: maximum accuracy, polarisation accounted for in pi/K
--> mu(e)-numu(nue) decays and following mu decays
= 2.0: maximum accuracy, polarisation not accounted for
= 3.0: phase space like decays
200 > WHAT(1)
>= 100 : leptonic decays only are allowed (implemented only
for tau's). WHAT(1)
- 100 has the same meaning as above
300 > WHAT(1)
>= 200 : hadronic decays only are allowed (implemented only
for tau's). WHAT(1)
- 200 has the same meaning as above
Default
= 1.0 (maximum accuracy and polarisation for both
hadronic and leptonic decays)
WHAT(2)
-WHAT(3)
: not used
WHAT(4)
= lower bound of the particle numbers (or corresponding names) to
which the decay flag chosen by WHAT(1)
applies
("From particle WHAT(4)
...").
Default
= 1.0
WHAT(5)
= upper bound of the particle numbers (or corresponding names) to
which the decay flag chosen by WHAT(1)
applies
("...to particle WHAT(5)
...").
Default
= WHAT(4)
WHAT(6)
= step length in assigning numbers
("...in steps of WHAT(6)
")
Default
= 1.0.
For SDUM
= DPMTHREShold:
WHAT(1)
: minimum DPMJET kinetic energy for hadrons (GeV)
=< 0.0 : ignored
Default
= 20 TeV
WHAT(2)
: minimum DPMJET kinetic energy for ions (GeV/n)
=< 0.0 : ignored
Default
= 5 GeV/n
WHAT(3)
: minimum RQMD kinetic energy for ions (GeV/n)
< 0.05 GeV/n : forced to be = 0.05 GeV/n
Default
= 0.125 GeV/n
WHAT(4)
: smearing (+/- Delta E, GeV/n) for the RQMD-DPMJET switch energy
< 0.0 : resets to 0
Default
= 2 GeV/n
WHAT(5)
: smearing (+/- Delta E, GeV/n) for the FLUKA-DPMJET switch energy
for hA interactions
< 0.0 : resets to 0
Default
= 10 TeV
WHAT(6)
: flag for restricting DPMJET h-A interactions to primary particles
only
=< -1.0 : resets to default (false)
=< 0.0 : ignored
> 0.0 : sets to true
Default
= -1.0 (no restriction to primary particles only)
Default
(no PHYSICS option with SDUM
= DPMTHREShold): DPMJET is called for
h-A interactions above 20 TeV and for A-A interactions down to
5 GeV/n. RQMD is called between 5 and 0.125 GeV/n.
WARNING:
to activate ion interactions refer to the IONTRANS card
WARNING:
The FLUKA executable must be built with the DPMJET and RQMD
libraries to perform A-A interactions above 125 MeV/n (see
the ldpmqmd script in $FLUPRO/flutil). DPMJET must also be linked
for h-A interactions above 20 TeV.
For SDUM
= EM-DISSOciation:
WHAT(1)
: flag for activating ion electromagnetic-dissociation
=< -1.0 : resets to default (no em-dissociation)
= 0.0 : ignored
= 1.0 : no em-dissociation
= 2.0 : projectile and target em-dissociation activated
= 3.0 : projectile only em-dissociation activated
= 4.0 : target only em-dissociation activated
Default
= 1.0 (no em-dissociation)
WHAT(2)
: flag for muon+/- em-dissociation
=< -1.0 : resets to default (muon+/- em-dissociation on)
= 0.0 : ignored
= 1.0 : muon+/- induced target em-dissociation on
= 2.0 : muon+/- induced target em-dissociation off
Default
= 1.0 (muon+/- em-dissociation on)
WHAT(3)
: flag for deuteron em-dissociation
=< -1.0 : resets to default (deuteron projectile em-dissociation on)
= 0.0 : ignored
= 1.0 : deuteron projectile em-dissociation on
target em-dissociation on/off according to WHAT(1)
= 2.0 : deuteron projectile em-dissociation off
Default
= 1.0 (deuteron projectile em-dissociation on)
WHAT(4)
-WHAT(6)
: not used
For SDUM
= EVAPORATion:
WHAT(1)
: flag for FLUKA evaporation model = i0 + 100 Z_max + 10000 A_max
i0 =< -1.0 : resets to default (new model, no heavy fragment
evaporation)
= 0.0 : ignored
= 1.0 : old evaporation model (OBSOLETE: kept for developers' use
only)
= 2.0 : new evaporation model, no heavy fragment evaporation
= 3.0 : new evaporation model, with heavy fragment evaporation
(CPU expensive, see Note below)
= 4.0 : same as 2, overrides possible checks
Z_max and A_max are the maximum fragment Z and A up to which the
heavy fragmentation must be applied (obviously they make sense
for i0=3 only). If they are not specified, the maximum allowed
by the code is used. It is also possible to specify A_max or
Z_max only
Default
= 2.0 (new evaporation model, no heavy fragment
evaporation) for all DEFAULTs, PRECISIOn excluded.
For PRECISIOn the default is 90403, that is heavy
fragment evaporation with Z_max=4, A_max=9.
WHAT(2)
-WHAT(6)
: not used
For SDUM
= INFLDCAY
WHAT(1)
= flag for (de)activating the decay in flight of ion
excited states
< 0 = deactivated
0 ignored
> 0 = activated
default depends on the chosen DEFAULT
WHAT(2)
= absolute minimum mean life (s) for excited states for
being transported and decayed in flight
< 0 = reset to default (10^-16)
0 ignored
> 0 = new value
WHAT(3)
= flag for (de)activating the decay in flight of ion
isomeric states
< 0 = deactivated
0 ignored
> 0 = activated
default is deactivated
WHAT(4)
= absolute minimum mean life (s) for isomeric states for
being transported and decayed in flight
< 0 = reset to default (tau=10^6/log(2))
0 ignored
> 0 = new value
WHAT(5)
= flag for (de)activating the decay in flight of radio-
active isotopes
< 0 = deactivated
0 ignored
> 0 = activated
default is deactivated
WHAT(6)
= absolute minimum mean life (s) for radioactive isotopes
for being transported and decayed in flight
< 0 = reset to default (tau=10^6/log(2))
0 ignored
> 0 = new value
For SDUM
= IONBRPAIr:
WHAT(1)
= flag for (de)activating heavy ion direct pair production
< 0: heavy ion direct pair production is deactivated
= 0: ignored
> 0: activated (it still requires heavy pair production activated via
PAIRBREM for the required materials)
Default
= 1.0 (heavy ion direct pair production is activated in
the materials defined by PAIRBREM)
WHAT(2)
= flag for (de)activating heavy ion bremsstrahlung (not yet
implemented)
WHAT(3)
= flag for (de)activating nuclear form factor effects in heavy ion
delta ray production
< 0: nuclear form factor effects are deactivated
= 0: ignored
> 0: nuclear form factor effects are activated (it still needs delta
ray production activated via DELTARAY for the required
materials)
Default
= 1.0 (nuclear form factor effects in heavy ion delta ray
production are activated in the materials defined by DELTARAY)
WHAT(4)
-WHAT(6)
: not used
For SDUM
= IONSPLITting:
WHAT(1)
: flag for activating ion splitting into nucleons
< 0.0 : false, no ion splitting
= 0.0 : ignored
> 0.0 : true: ion splitting is activated
Default
= -1.0 (no ion splitting)
WHAT(2)
: minimum energy for ions (GeV/n) above which splitting into
nucleons will be performed
=< 0.0 : ignored
Default
= 0.1 GeV/n
WHAT(3)
: maximum energy for ions (GeV/n) below which splitting into
nucleons will be performed (default: 5 GeV/n)
=< 0.0 : ignored
WHAT(4)
: minimum A for which ion splitting must be performed
=< 0.0 : ignored
Default
= 2.0
WHAT(5)
: maximum A for which ion splitting must be performed
=< 0.0 : ignored
Default
= 500.0
WHAT(6)
: flag for the ion splitting minimum threshold
= 0.0 : sharp threshold for kinetic energy per nucleon
larger than WHAT(2)
. Deprecated.
= 1.0 : probability according to 1 - exp(- Ek/n / Emnspi)
where Emnspi=WHAT(2)
and Ek/n is the kinetic energy
per nucleon of the current ion
= 2.0 : splitting performed at the first nonelastic interaction
if no interaction model is available. It requires full
transport selected for all ions concerned.
WHAT(2)
and WHAT(3)
are still honored in the same way
as for for "0.0", however the minimum energy should be
set compatible with ion cross section threshold
rather than not
= 3.0 : deuteron splitting performed at interaction
point computed according to a parameterized
formula, like 1.0 for heavier ions
=< 0.0 : resets to default
Default
= 2.0
For SDUM
= ISOMERS:
WHAT(1)
= flag for activating explicit calculation of isomers
< 0: isomer explicit calculation is deactivated
= 0: ignored
> 0: activated
Default
= 1.0 (isomer explicit calculation is activated)
WHAT(2)
-WHAT(6)
: not used
For SDUM
= LIMITS:
WHAT(1)
= set the maximum (pp) CMS momentum (used for initialization of
high energy models, typically DPMJET), and, if larger
than the one of the BEAM card, the maximum momentum for all
internal tabulations
< 0: reset to default
= 0: ignored
> 0: maximum (pp) CMS momentum (GeV/c)
Default
: determined by the BEAM card
WHAT(2)
-WHAT(6)
: not used
For SDUM
= NEUTRINO:
WHAT(1)
: flag for activating quasielastic (QE) neutrino interactions
= 1.0 : QE neutral current (NC) activated
= 2.0 : QE charged current (CC) activated
= 3.0 : QE NC and CC activated
< 0.0 : no QE interactions
= 0.0 : ignored
Default
: 3.0 (QE NC and CC activated)
WHAT(2)
: flag for activating resonant (RES) neutrino interactions
= 1.0 : RES neutral current (NC) activated
= 2.0 : RES charged current (CC) activated
= 3.0 : RES NC and CC activated
< 0.0 : no RES interactions
= 0.0 : ignored
Default
: 3.0 (RES NC and CC activated)
WHAT(3)
: flag for activating deep inelastic (DIS) neutrino interactions
= 1.0 : DIS neutral current (NC) activated
= 2.0 : DIS charged current (CC) activated
= 3.0 : DIS NC and CC activated
< 0.0 : no DIS interactions
= 0.0 : ignored
Default
: 3.0 (DIS NC and CC activated)
WHAT(4)
: flag for activating charm production (CHA) in DIS neutrino
interactions
= 1.0 : CHA neutral current (NC) activated (not yet implemented)
= 2.0 : CHA charged current (CC) activated
= 3.0 : CHA NC and CC activated
< 0.0 : no CHA interactions
= 0.0 : ignored
Default
: 3.0 (CHA CC activated, but NC not yet implemented)
WHAT(5)
: not used
WHAT(6)
: flag for performing (forced) interactions when there is a(n)
(anti)neutrino beam particle
= 1.0 : forced interactions for (anti)neutrino beam particles
performed
= 0.0 : ignored
=< -1.0 : forced interactions for (anti)neutrino beam particles
not performed (-> no neutrino interactions,
propagation only)
Default
: 1.0 (forced interactions performed for (anti)neutrino
beams)
For SDUM
= PEATHREShold:
WHAT(1)
: maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for nucleons (GeV)
=< 0.0 : ignored
WHAT(2)
: maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for pions (GeV)
=< 0.0 : ignored
WHAT(3)
: maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for kaons (GeV)
=< 0.0 : ignored
WHAT(4)
: maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for kaonbars (GeV)
=< 0.0 : ignored
WHAT(5)
: maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for antinucleons (GeV)
=< 0.0 : ignored
WHAT(6)
: maximum PEANUT kinetic energy for (anti)hyperons (GeV)
=< 0.0 : ignored
Default
(no PEATHREShold option): PEANUT is called up to 100 TeV
kinetic energy, or the DPMJET threshold energy if linked,
for all hadrons
For SDUM
= QMDTHREShold:
WHAT(1)
: not used
WHAT(2)
= minimum BME kinetic energy for ions (GeV/n)
=< 0: ignored
WHAT(3)
: not used
WHAT(4)
: not used
WHAT(5)
= maximum kinetic energy for ion complete fusion (GeV/n)
WHAT(6)
= smearing (+/- DeltaE, GeV/n) for the BME-RQMD switch energy
< 0: set to 0.0
Default
= 0.025 GeV/n
Default
(option PHYSICS not given): standard FLUKA treatment of
physics processes
Note:
In order to achieve accurate results for residual nuclei production
or fragment production with ion beams the evaporation of heavy
fragments MUST be activated. This, however, is not the default since
it can bring a significant CPU burden, and is not needed for most
applications. The CPU burden is maximal for problems with heavy
targets, high energy beams, and no electro-magnetic particle
transport. It is often negligible for problems with
electro-magnetic transport activated down to low thresholds.
Examples:
PHYSICS 201.0 0.0 0.0 41.0 42.0 0. DECAYS
PHYSICS 2.0 0.0 0.0 13.0 14.0 0. DECAYS
PHYSICS 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. EVAPORAT
Previous Index Next
